Extremism and terrorism in their multiple manifestations pose a severe threat to the internal security of Pakistan. Over the years, the Government of Pakistan has adopted hard and soft measures to deal with the hazard of terrorism and extremism. The country's first- ever National Internal Security Policy was announced in 2014, followed by the adoption and implementation of the National Action Plan (NAP) in December 2014. The National Internal Security Policy (NISP) 2018 provides a comprehensive framework for dealing with internal security challenges. It builds on NISP 2014, incorporates the lessons learnt during the implementation of NAP and proposes a way forward based on the current situation in Pakistan. NISP envisions a peaceful, democratic and inclusive society forged by the promotion of the rule of law, inclusive growth, political stability, and respect for diversity. It, therefore, sets forth establishing the rule of law, the creation of a shared vision, providing social justice and ensuring political stability as its strategic goals and objectives. NISP draws inspiration from the teachings of Islam, Quaid-e-Azam's policy statements, the Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Pakistan Vision 2025 to promote the aforementioned values and goals.
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Ministry of Interior
Government of Pakistan
National Internal
Security Policy
2018-2023
1
The citizens of Pakistan are its greatest wealth and asset. The security and safety of
citizens has remained the top most priority of my government. Over the past five years,
we adopted and implemented a number of concrete and radical measures to promote
peace and stability in the country. As a result of these efforts, the law and order situation
in the country has improved significantly. Terrorism-related violence has declined
sharply. The economy is back on track and set to grow at an impressive rate of 5.8%
during the fiscal year 2018-19—the highest growth rate in a decade. The armed forces,
police, political parties and resilient people of Pakistan deserve credit for this huge
success.
Pakistan takes immense pride in being the leader and partner in fighting the war against
terrorism. We have conducted the world's most complex, successful and largest military
operations against terrorism. Moreover, the gains made through security measures have
been consolidated through socio-economic development. Moving forward, we shall
continue to contribute to peace and stability in the region and the world at large.
Today, Pakistan is developing at a very rapid pace. The China Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC) has changed the landscape of the country and made previously
inaccessible areas open to trade and development following the extension of basic
infrastructure. CPEC is not only opening up economic opportunities domestically but
also contributing to promoting regional trade and connectivity. In coming years, this is
likely to lead to peace, stability and prosperity in Pakistan and the region.
The National Internal Security Policy 2018 builds on our counter-terrorism experience of
the past years and reflects the emerging security challenges faced by the country. I
appreciate the broad focus and depth of the 6-Rs strategy chosen for this policy. In
particular, the focus on inclusive and sustainable development and strengthening of the
state-citizen relationship is commendable and likely to go a long way towards bringing
lasting and sustainable peace.
The Ministry of Interior under the able leadership of Prof. Ahsan Iqbal deserves
felicitations for formulating this policy which will guide the internal security paradigm
of the nation for the next five years.
May Allah Almighty be with us in our efforts to make Pakistan a more peaceful, inclusive
and prosperous country.
Message by Prime Minister
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
Prime Minister
Foreword
The security of Pakistan and its citizens remains the first and foremost duty of the
Government of Pakistan. Since 2013-14 internal security has improved significantly.
Incidents of terrorism have seen a marked decline and overall improvement in law and order
situation has been noted all around the country. These Improvements in security environment
are also reflect ed by the gains made by Pakistan in economic sphere in last 5 years by
recording highest economic growth rate in a decade. This was made possible only by the
range of hard and soft security measures that the government adopted over the past five
years. Notable measures included the launch of the country's first- ever National Internal
Security Policy (NISP) 2014, kinetic operations such as Zarb-e-Azb, Raddul Fasaad and
Karachi operation, numerous counter-terrorism legislations and adoption and implementation
of the National Action Plan (NAP).
Notwithstanding the gains, the internal security situation is continuously evolving and new
challenges are emerging. In order to consolidate the hard-won gains made over the past few
years and address the emerging challenges, the government in consultat ion with all major
stakeholders devised a comprehensive framework for dealing with the multi-faceted threat of
violent extremism and terrorism along with other security challenges. Recognising the
successes of the hard measures introduced in the wake of the adoption of the NISP 2014 and
NAP, NISP 2018 prioritizes effective undertaking of soft interventions to consolidate the
gains made in last 5 years.
Promotion of inclusive and sustainable development and re-imagining and strengthening of
the state-citizen relationship lie at the heart of the new security approach
underpinning/informing the NISP 2018. It places special emphasis on the promotion of
democracy, rule of law, inclusive growth and respect for diversity for achieving sustainable
peace and securit y. The policy draws upon the tolerant teachings of Islam, vision of Quaid-e-
Azam and Constitution of Pakistan to foster a counter-narrative against extremism and
terrorism.
Pakistan is a country of strong and resilient people who aspire to build a peaceful, democratic
and inclusive society. The history of Pakistan is a testimony to the fact that its people have
always rejected the forces of extremism, terrorism and authoritarianism and always sided
with the forces of peace, development and democracy.
Prof. Ahsan Iqbal
Minister for Interior
2
Acknowledgements
The National Internal Security Policy 2018 is a collective effort of multiple
stakeholders. Its conceptualisation and formulation required consultation and input from a
diverse group with different areas of expertise . As such, numerous stakeholders, institutions
and individuals have played crucial roles in bringing this policy document to fruition, and we
would be amiss not to mention at least some of them here.
The Minister for Interior Prof. Ahsan Iqbal gave his full and unequivocal support as
well as intellectual leadership in the conception and formulation of this policy. That he took a
bullet and survived an assassination attempt at close quarters during the time this policy was
being formulated brought home the challenge facing Pakistan in ways no one in the team
responsible for this document could have anticipated was possible. But, his is also the story
of Pakistan, demonstrating resilience in the face of seemingly unsurmountable odds.
Mr. Arshad Mirza, Secretary Interior, took the reins and provided leadership when the
ship needed steering to its port. He was assisted by Special Secretary Mr. Rizwan Malik who
also headed the committee formed to formulate NISP 2018. Key members of the committee,
Mr. Siddique Sheikh (Additional Secretary 1), Mrs. Farah Hamid Khan (Additional Secretary
2) and Mr. Imran Ahma d (Additional Secretary 3), along with other senior officers of their
divisions showed tremendous commitment by keeping the process firmly on course.
Moreover, Technical Lead Dr. Adnan Rafiq and his team worked untiringly and diligently
throughout the process to develop and formulate the policy.
The Ministry of Interior has been fortunate to have the guidance and support of the
National Security Advisor Lt. General (r) Nasir Khan Janjua and National Coordinator
NACTA Mr. Ihsan Ghani during this process. NACTA played a leading role in policy
formulation by hosting the consultation sessions and providing critical input at every stage of
the process. Without unwavering commitment and leadership shown by Mr. Ghani and his
team, this process could not have completed.
We also commend and thank all the contributors who belonged to Pakistan's political
leadership, religious scholars and leaders, academia, media, civil and military bureaucracy,
civil society organisations and non-governmental organisations. Their participation,
productive engagement and valuable input in the process went a long way towards
developing and supplementing the long-term vision envisaged in the NISP 2018.
It is also important to acknowledge the contribution and input of various state
institutions such as the Parliamentary Committees on Interior, Law & Justice Commission,
Federal ministries, provincial governments, NADRA, Pakistan Armed Forces and other law
enforcement agencies in the formulation of NISP 2018. The holistic vision and coverage of
NISP 2018 would not have been possible without the institutions mentioned above with their
intellectual and experiential experiences feeding into the policy. The sacrifices rendered by
our security forces and LEAs during the past two decades provided us with the inspiration
and resolve to continue and see this work through to the end.
Finally, and most importantly, NISP 2018 is dedicated to the spirit, sacrifice, and
perseverance of the people of Pakistan. It is the people of Pakistan who have withstood
resolutely the wave of insecurity, intolerance and terrorism which has swept our homeland in
the last two decades. It is their love, generosity, and sense of duty which provides the real
inspiration for a new and reformulated NISP.
The NISP 2018 aims to replace fear in everyday life with the hope of peace and
prosperity for our state and society. This is only possible through the state, society and
various stakeholders joining hands in the service of broader goals of an inclusive, democratic
and peaceful Pakistan.
3
4
BDU
BOG
CAF
CFT
CJS
CNIC
CPEC
CTD
DPO
EAD
ECO
ECP
FATA
FIA
FIR
FCR
FSL
GB
GCC
HEC
IBO
IGP
INGO
JID
LJCP
M & E
MOC&T
MOIB
MOF
MOPDR
NACTA
Bomb Disposal Unit
Benazir Income Support Program
Board of Governors
Civilian Armed Forces
Combang Financing of Terrorism
Criminal Jusce System
Computerized National Idenfy Card
China Pakistan Economic Corridor
Criminal Procedure Court
Counter Terrorism
Counter-Terrorism Department
Civil Society Organisaons
Countering Violent Extremism
District Coordination Officer
Deputy District Officer
District Police Officer
Economic Affairs Division
Economic Cooperation Organizaon
Election Commission of Pakistan
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Federal Invesgation Agency
First Information Report
Froner Crimes Regulaons
Forensic Science Laboratory
Gilgit Balstan
Gulf Cooperation Council
Gross Domesc Product
High Court
Higher Educaon Commission
Intelligence Based Operations
Islamabad Capital Territory
Inspector Generals of Police
Internaonal Non- Governmental Organisation
Joint Intelligence Directorate
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Law Enforcement Agencies
Law & Jusce Commission of Pakistan
Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Human Rights
Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Information and Broadcasng
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform
Ministry of Religious Affairs
Naonal Counter-Terrorism Authority
Naonal Database and Registraon Authority
Naonal Vocational and Technical Training Commission
5
NCPP
NGO
NISP
NPB
NPO
PCO
PEMRA
PJC
PMIS
PPC
PTA
SAARC
SARC
SBP
SOPs
SSD
STEM
TTP
TEVTA
UNHRC
Naonal Community Policing Program
Non-Governmental Organisaon
Naonal Internal Security Policy
Naonal Jusce Appointments Commission
Naonal Judicial Policy-making Commiee
Naonal Police Bureau
Non-Profit Organisaon
Organisaon of Islamic Cooperaon
Prison Custody Officer
Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority
Provincial Jusce Committee
Prison Management Information Systems
Pakistan Peace Collective
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority
South Asian Associaon for Regional Cooperaon
Security Analysis and Research Cell
State Bank of Pakistan
Shanghai Cooperaon Organisaon
Staon House Officer
Standard Operang Procedures
Special Security Division
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathemacs
Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan
Technical Educaon and Vocational Training Authority
United Nations Human Commissioner for Refugees
6
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
A. Introduc�on ............................................................................................................ 12
A1. Background ...................................................................................................................... 13
A2. Domains of Interven�ons ................................................................................................. 15
B. Process of Policy Formulation .................................................................................. 17
C. An Overview of the Security Landscape ....................................................................... 19
C1. Terrorism ......................................................................................................................... 20
C2. Extremism ........................................................................................................................ 21
C3. Cyber Crime ..................................................................................................................... 21
C4. Organised Crime ............................................................................................................... 21
C5. Sub-Na�onal Varia�ons .................................................................................................... 22
D. Drivers of Insecurity ................................................................................................ 23
D1. Youth Aliena�on and Frustration ...................................................................................... 24
D2. Exclusionary Iden�ty Narratives ....................................................................................... 24
D3. Regional Inequality .......................................................................................................... 25
D4. Lack of Social Jus�ce and Rule of Law ............................................................................... 25
D5. Lack of Accountability and Poli�cal Inclusion .................................................................... 26
D6. Foreign Linkages .............................................................................................................. 26
E. Inspira�ons for Policy Formulation .......................................................................... 27
E1. Teachings of Islam ............................................................................................................ 27
E2. Quaid-e-Azam's Policy Statements .................................................................................... 28
E3. The Cons�tu�on of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973.................................................. 29
E4. Pakistan Vision 2025 ......................................................................................................... 30
F. Vision – NISP 2018 .................................................................................................. 31
F1. Vision Statement .............................................................................................................. 31
G. Strategic Goals & Objec�ves .................................................................................... 32
G1. Establishing Rule of Law ................................................................................................... 32
G1.1 Extending Writ of the State ............................................................................................ 32
G1.2 Ins�tu�onal Reforms ...................................................................................................... 32
G1.3 Improving Governance and Service Delivery................................................................ . 32
G2. Crea�on of a Shared Vision .............................................................................................. 33
G3. Ensuring Social Jus�ce ...................................................................................................... 33
G4. Political Stability .............................................................................................................. 33
H. Na�onal Internal Security Strategy .......................................................................... 33
H1. Reorient .......................................................................................................................... 35
H1.1 Strategic Coopera�on & Coordina�on .......................................................................... 36
H1.2 Intelligence Gathering and Sharing ................................................................................ 37
H1.3 Criminal Jus�ce System Reforms ................................................................................... 37
H1.4 Realizing Technological Poten�al .................................................................................. 41
H1.5 Securing Cyber Spaces .................................................................................................... 42
H1.6 Comba�ng Financing of Terr orism ................................................................................. 42
H1.7 Management of Western Zone ..................................................................................... 43
H1.8 Miscellaneous ................................................................. ................................................. 44
H2. Reimagine ....................................................................................................................... 45
H2.1 Na�onal Narra tive .......................................................................................................... 46
7
H2.2 Educa�on System Reforms ............................................................................................ 47
H2.3 Madrassa Reforms .......................................................................................................... 48
H2.4 Mosque Reforms ............................................................................................................ 49
H2.5 Media Regulation ........................................................................................................... 49
H2.6 Tourism and Cultural Activi�es ...................................................................................... 50
H3. Reconcile ......................................................................................................................... 50
H4. Redistribute ..................................................................................................................... 52
H5. Regional Approach ........................................................................................................... 55
H6. Recognize ........................................................................................................................ 57
I. NISP Priority List ..................................................................................................... 59
J. Implementa�on & Oversight ................................................................................... 62
Annex A: Implementa�on Plan...................................................................................... 64
Annex B: Bibliography.................................................................................................... 72
8
Executive Summary
Extremism and terrorism in their multiple manifestations pose a severe threat to the
internal security of Pakistan. Over the years, the Government of Pakistan has adopted hard
and soft measures to deal with the hazard of terrorism and extremism. The country's first -
ever National Internal Security Policy was announced in 2014, followed by the adoption and
implementation of the National Action Plan (NAP) in December 2014. These measures
combined with military operations against terrorism led to a remarkable improvement in
internal security, indicated by a marked decline in incidents of terrorism throughout the
country.
Although significant progress has been made, the security landscape of the country
has evolved considerably since the announcement of NISP 2014. The threat of transnational
terrorism is rearing its head again. TTP militants have relocated to Afghanistan. Daesh is
establishing a footprint in Afghanistan near the Pakistani border with a very real potential of
spillover into parts of Pakistan. This situation has been compounded by the return of battle-
hardened militants from Syria and Iraq. Moreover, educational campuses have seen a rise in
incidents of violent extremism. Lastly, the threat of cyber-attacks has grown in volume and
has become more sophisticated. Besides these new challenges, traditional threats to internal
security in the form of acts of violence committed by religious, sectarian, ethno-political and
sub-nationalist outfits persist.
NISP 2018 identifies youth alienation and frustration; exclusionary identity
narratives; a lack of social justice and the rule of law; regional disparities; lack of
accountability and inclusion; and foreign linkages as significant drivers of insecurity.
Furthermore, lack of quality research to understand the pathways to and causes of religious
and ethnic militancy have impeded the development of evidence-based programming and
policies.
The National Internal Security Policy (NISP) 2018 provides a comprehensive
framework for dealing with internal security challenges. It builds on NISP 2014, incorporates
the lessons learnt during the implementation of NAP and proposes a way forward based on
the current situation in Pakistan. NISP envisions a peaceful, democratic and inclusi ve society
forged by the promotion of the rule of law, inclusive growth, political stability, and respect
for diversity. It, therefore, sets forth establishing the rule of law, the creation of a shared
vision, providing social justice and ensuring political stability as its strategic goals and
objectives. NISP draws inspiration from the teachings of Islam, Quaid-e-Azam's policy
statements, the Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Pakistan Vision 2025 to
promote the aforementioned values and goals.
The NISP 2018 is based on an expanded notion of security that defines peace not
simply as the absence of violence, but as the presence of conditions necessary for
enhancing social cohesion and resilience. It integrates development measures with
efforts to promote security and peacebuilding as outlined in the Pakistan Vision 2025.
9
Moreover, it adopts a 'whole of the nation' approach and proposes recommendations to
reshape both the 'state' and 'society' for achieving sustainable peace. These
recommendations fall into three key domains:
Administrative Domain: While the Law Enforcement Agencies and the Military have
played a critical role in dealing with the menace of terrorism, there is a need to
address and further enhance the capacity of both milit ary and civilian LEA's to deal
with non-traditional threats. This also calls for enhancing coordination and strategic
planning between different institutions and government departments. Measures have
been included in this regard which need to be implemented on a fast track basis.
Ideational Domain : The heart of the extremist movement is their narrative which
operate in the ideational domain. The terrorists increasingly rely on different modes of
communication which include cyberspace to influence the masses, gain sympathy,
recruit and obtain funding for their operations – all of which requires immediate
attention. This Policy addresses these critical issues and challenges the ideological
underpinnings of extremist narratives that create a mind-set prone to violence and
terrorism.
Socio-economic Domain: Security challenges cannot be resolved entirely through
administrative actions , or a counter-narrative alone unless the deeper, structural socio -
economic drivers are also addressed. The Policy identifies the need to bridge gaps in
society through critical interventions that will build trust and a harmonious
relationship between state and society leading to a more pe aceful Pakistan.
The NISP 2018 establishes a multi-pronged strategy encompassing what we categorize as
the 6Rs to meet the goals and objectives indicated earlier. These include to: Reorient,
Reimagine, Reconcile, Redistribute, Recognize, and the adoption of a Regional Approach.
The six R's are briefly elaborated upon below:
Reorient: Reorientation of the Security Apparatus
The state security apparatus must modernise not only its infrastructure and capacity but also
by redefining its raison d'état and adopting a people-centric approach. Key priority areas
included in this regard include improving strategic cooperation & coordination, intelligence
gathering and sharing, criminal justice system reforms (legal reforms, police & LEAs,
prosecution, judicial r eforms, prison reforms, parole and probation), securing cyber s paces,
combating financing of terrorism.
Reimagine: Reimagining the Society
Reimagining the society as a tolerant, inclusive and democratic polity will be pursued to
strengthen a shared vision for the nation. Key areas in this regard include building a National
Narrative; reforming the education system; initiating madrassa, mosque & media reforms and
increasing tourism and cultural activities.
10
Reconcile
The incentives for shunning of violence and militancy and for re-integration have to be made
greater than the continuation of militancy and anti-societal discourse and practices.
Moreover, a process of reconciliation will be started especially in regions affected by sub-
nationalist and ethno-political militancy. Key areas in this regard include u plifting FATA,
Balochistan, Karachi and areas of KP that have been worst affected by violence, establishing
an incentive structure to provide a way out to militants stuck in the cycle of violence, de -
radicalization and rehabilitation programs and an outright ban on the use of violence for
achieving political goals.
Redistribute
Promotion of alternative values, narratives, and discourses only gain power and effectiveness
in a context where they are connected with real and shared material improvements in general
social life. Therefore, it is imp erative that the state recognises and protects the marginalised
sections of society through redistributive measures focusing on the provision of social
protection safety nets. A key priority in this regard includes the social, economic and political
uplift of marginalised groups such as youth, women and minorities. It is also equally
important to expand social safety nets for the most vulnerable sections of society and
prioritise underdeveloped areas of the country in development plans to reduce regional and
sub-national disparities.
Regional Approach
Some security issues such as terrorism are transnational and require collaboration at the
regional and international levels. Promotion of peaceful neighbourhood environments and
close cooperation with neighbouring countries are crucial for efforts to establish durable
internal peace. Key priority areas in this regard include working actively for regional peace
through meaningful collaboration with neighbouring countries and a shift from geopolitics to
geo-econo mics.
Recognize
Critical research on various security challenges is required for designing policy interventions
that address their causes. Promotion of quality research in academia and universities is
essential in identifying the causal factors which push social actors towards extreme
viewpoints and actions. Key priority areas are to bring research in social sciences and
humanities at par with that in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
areas, move towards evidence-based policy making and enhance analytical capacity within
the Ministries of Interior and Information and Broadcast as well as NACTA to improve
decision/policy making.
The NISP 2018 has a robust implementation and oversight plan with timelines,
budgetary processes and indicators to measure progress. As such, it is an outcome of rich and
exhaustive efforts by the most prominent members of our state and civil society, who gave
their input and time in formulating a policy which has both wide-ranging acceptance and a
similarly wide-ranging vision with regards to our nation's security and future.
11
This policy is meant to be a federal framework for internal security and will guide the
security policy at all levels of governance. Recognizing the enhanced role of provinces in
policy implementation in the wake of the 18th amendment to the constitution of Pakistan, the
input of all provincial governments through respective home departments was obtained to
formulate this policy. Many of the recommendations proposed in the policy fall within the
domain of provincial governments, and as such, provincial governments are expected to
devise their detailed strategies on various elements of this framework by adapting it to their
specific needs, requirements and priorities.
12
A. Introduction
On 12th January 2018, a high-level meeting chaired by the Minister for Interior Mr.
Ahsan Iqbal and attended by all key stakeholders within the security apparatus of Pakistan
unanimously approved the roadmap for the formulation of National Internal Security Policy
(NISP) 2018. Following this meeting were three days of extensive stakeholder consultations
from January 16 -18 2018 , as well as a National Conference on Internal Security on 27th
March 2018 to obtain policy input from a variety of stakeholders. These stakeholders
included parliamentarians, current and former government officials and members of civil
society. A number of government departments at both federal and provincial levels, as well
as civilian and military institutions, participated in the process right from inception to the
revision of the drafts and in finalising the official policy.
The NISP 2018 builds on the first -ever NISP announced in February 2014 to provide a
comprehensive policy framework to deal with key aspects of internal security. The timeframe
envisaged for the implementation of NISP 2014 ended in 2018 and the evolving security
landscape requires a fresh look at the policy paradigm. A new policy document is, therefore,
necessary to incorporate both the lessons learned over the past four years and to respond to
the current security environment. NISP 2018 has consequently been formulated after an
extensive consultative process as an integrated federal framework to overcome internal
security challenges. It is based on the accumulated security assessments, evaluations of
critical initiatives and thought processes within various state institutions as well as that of
civil society to articulate a security vision that represents the collective wisdom of the nation.
At a time when Pakistan is set to achieve another transition from one elected civilian
government that completed its full tenure to another for a record second time in its history, it
is essential that the current government passes on its cumulative experience, knowledge and
recommendations in a unified document to the incoming government in order to ensure
continuity of policies in the realm of internal security. A refreshed security policy will
provide the incoming government with a head start on the broad contours of domestic
security policy while providing an opportunity to fine tune it according to its manifesto. The
priority list of NISP 2018 has therefore been kept flexible and subject to an annual review by
the implementation committee. The significant strength of the document is the extensive
input provided by all key state institutions, representatives of political parties from across the
13
political spectrum and members of civil society which will enable it to shape the internal
security paradigm by being the overarching framework for the next five years.
A1. Background
The security landscape of the country has changed considerably since the announcement
of NISP in 2014. The changes include, most notably, the formulation of National Action Plan
(NAP) against terrorism on 24th December 2014 after the tragic Army Public School (APS)
incident in Peshawar. NAP was supported with unprecedented consensus by all stakeholders
and has since guided the security paradigm of the country. It included priority measures
immediately required to reverse the tide of terrorism, many of which were derived from NISP
2014. An extensive implementation mechanism including ministerial committees as well as
provincial apex committees was established to oversee the implementation of NAP. Many
significant achievements made under this strategy are reflected by the considerable reduction
in the incidences of terrorism throughout the country (as shown in figure 1).
Figure 1: Decline in Incidence of Terrorism in Pakistan (Source: NACTA)
The abatement in incidents of terrorism from its peak in 2014 has been made possible
through concerted efforts and active collaboration between various state institutions and the
use of both hard and soft measures. Military operations such as Zarb-e-Azb and Radd-ul-
Fasaad were launched to eliminate militant outfits of all hue and colour and establish the writ
of the state in areas that had become hubs of terrorism. Intelligence based operations (IBOs)
were conducted across the country from rural hinterlands to urban metropolises to apprehend
14
miscreants as well as their facilitators, abettors and financers. Special trial courts under the
supervision of Pakistan Army were established to compliment Anti-Terrorism Courts.
National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) was revitalised as the strategic co-
ordinating body while dedicated counter-terrorism forces have been created, trained and
deployed in all federating units. Stringent curbs against hate speech have been enforced at
public spaces as well as in print, electronic and social media. A number of steps have been
taken to choke terror financing, including the establishment of a National Task Force on
Combating Financing of Terrorism, a coordinating body of over 20 federal and provincial
organisations. Moreover, 66 organisations were proscribed with 7,966 individuals placed
under watch as of March 2018.
Over 90% geo-mapping of religious seminaries (madaris) has been completed across
the country while efforts to introduce wide-ranging madrassa reforms are underway. Steps
were taken to accord special protection to places of worship in general, and especially for
those belonging to minority communities. Interfaith and intra-faith dialogue has been
facilitated while sacrilegious literature and speeches preaching hate against other faiths have
been curbed. There has also been a very considerable success in reducing sectarian violence
(as shown in Figure 2).
Figure 2: Decline in Incidents of Sectarian Attacks (Source: NACTA)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Number of Sectarian Attacks
Number of Sectarian Aacks
15
Security has drastically improved in Karachi, the financial and trading heart of the
country. The evidence for this is a 97% decrease in target killings, 87% in the murder rate,
84% in business extortion and 72% in bank robberies. Steps have been taken to facilitate the
dignified return of A fghan refugees to their homeland. Over 1.38 million Afghan refugees
have been registered under the Tripartite Agreement for Voluntary Repatriation, the most
extensive voluntary repatriation program recorded by the UNHCR. Rehabilitation of
internally displaced persons and revival of economic activity in conflict -affected areas such
as FATA is being prioritised. The constitutional amendment for the merger of FATA with
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been approved. Despite sporadic incidents of violence, the overall
security situation has improved in Balochistan. The government has allocated additional
funds for the uplift of the province and to bring it at par with other federating units.
These achievements are a testament to the courage, grit and determination of th e civil and
military law enforcement agencies (LEAs) as well as the resolve of the political leadership
and most importantly the people of Pakistan to establish peace and harmony. This policy is a
tribute, therefore, to the LEA personnel and citizens from across the country who sacrificed
their lives, limbs and property to ensure the safety of the nation. Security, however, remains
the top priority of the government and continued efforts need to be made to achieve
sustainable peace. This policy, therefore, reflects the resolve of the government to provide a
forward-looking, holistic and comprehensive framework to ensure that every citizen of
Pakistan can live with peace, freedom, respect and dignity.
A2. Domains of Interventions
The gains made through following a mix of kinetic and soft prong interventions
mentioned above need immediate consolidation through structural reforms and further soft
measures aimed at countering extremism and other security challenges at the administrative,
ideological, socio-ec onomic and political levels. National Internal Security Policy 2018,
therefore, adopts a 'whole of the nation' approach and envisages key interventions to reshape
both 'state' and the 'society' for an inclusive, democratic and peaceful Pakistan.
The following vital domains have been conceptualised to effectively deal with the
security challenges that Pakistan faces.
Administrative/Governance Domain: Some key actions have already taken place in
gearing up the state apparatus to deal with pressing security challenges such as terrorism
under NAP. These initiatives include building capacity in both military and civilian LEAs to
deal with non-traditional threats, setting up new institutions and organisational units and
using technology to improve service delivery. Major pieces of legislation such as the
constitutional amendments to establish military courts, prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
2016 and others have also passed. Attention must now shift to more structural reforms that
are required to complement these efforts. This policy, therefore, focuses on establishing
continuity and further strengthening of some of the initiatives mentioned above along with
providing a detailed roadmap for Criminal Justice System reforms as well as a general
reorientation of security apparatus towards a 'people -centric' approach to better serve the
citizens of Pakistan.
Ideational Domain: The heart of the extremist movements are their narratives which
operate in the ideational domain. The gains made through the concert ed efforts mentioned
above must be utilised to challenge the ideological underpinnings of the violent narratives
that create a mindset vulnerable to taking up arms against the state. Some work has already
been done in this regard, notably the 'Paigham-e-Pa kistan' fatwa signed by hundreds of
prominent religious scholars and the Counter Extremism guidelines prepared by NACTA. A
comprehensive National Narrative covering various facets of the Pakistani nation along with
its dissemination strategy is also being developed by NACTA to enhance national cohesion.
The NISP 2018, while endorsing these initiatives, builds upon their essence and provides a
vital national framework to connect these initiatives with interventions in
administrative/governance domains (above) and the socio-economic domain (below) to
ensure an integrated approach.
Socio-economic Domain: Security challenges in Pakistan cannot be resolved entirely
through administrative actions and developing a counter-narrative alone unless the deeper,
structural socio- economic drivers are addressed that create the sense of deprivation and act as
a breeding ground for violent extremism and terrorism. Current research on terrorism, for
example, provides evidence of the 'push' and 'pull' factors that compel youth to join violent
movements. Structural "push" factors include prolonged and unresolved conflicts within the
country and abroad, poor socio-economic and political development of certain regions,
relative deprivation and lack of access to education or employment, and human rights
16
Administrative/Governance Domain: Some key actions have already taken place in
gearing up the state apparatus to deal with pressing security challenges such as terrorism
under NAP. These initiatives include building capacity in both military and civilian LEAs to
deal with non-traditional threats, setting up new institutions and organisational units and
using technology to improve service delivery. Major pieces of legislation such as the
constitutional amendments to establish military courts, prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
2016 and others have also passed. Attention must now shift to more structural reforms that
are required to complement these efforts. This policy, therefore, focuses on establishing
continuity and further strengthening of some of the initiatives mentioned above along with
providing a detailed roadmap for Criminal Justice System reforms as well as a general
reorientation of security apparatus towards a 'people -centric' approach to better serve the
citizens of Pakistan.
Ideational Domain: The heart of the extremist movements are their narratives which
operate in the ideational domain. The gains made through the concert ed efforts mentioned
above must be utilised to challenge the ideological underpinnings of the violent narratives
that create a mindset vulnerable to taking up arms against the state. Some work has already
been done in this regard, notably the 'Paigham-e-Pa kistan' fatwa signed by hundreds of
prominent religious scholars and the Counter Extremism guidelines prepared by NACTA. A
comprehensive National Narrative covering various facets of the Pakistani nation along with
its dissemination strategy is also being developed by NACTA to enhance national cohesion.
The NISP 2018, while endorsing these initiatives, builds upon their essence and provides a
vital national framework to connect these initiatives with interventions in
administrative/governance domains (above) and the socio-economic domain (below) to
ensure an integrated approach.
Socio-economic Domain: Security challenges in Pakistan cannot be resolved entirely
through administrative actions and developing a counter-narrative alone unless the deeper,
structural socio- economic drivers are addressed that create the sense of deprivation and act as
a breeding ground for violent extremism and terrorism. Current research on terrorism, for
example, provides evidence of the 'push' and 'pull' factors that compel youth to join violent
movements. Structural "push" factors include prolonged and unresolved conflicts within the
country and abroad, poor socio-economic and political development of certain regions,
relative deprivation and lack of access to education or employment, and human rights
17
infractions. These are then combined with more proximate "pull" factors such as the material
and financial benefits of joining extremist groups, perceived social status, and appealing
ideologies and recruiters.
The Policy identifies the need to bridge gaps in society through critical interventions that
will not only build trust and a harmonious relationship between the state and its people but
also lead to a progressive, tolerant and peaceful Pakistan. It, therefore, not only provides a
diagnosis of the critical security challenges but also envisages an integrated, holistic,
comprehensive and cohesive Federal framework for effectively dealing with these.
Federal-Provincial Domains: This policy is meant to be a federal framework for
Internal Security and will guide the security policy at all levels of governance. Recognising
the enhanced role of provinces in policy implementation in the wake of the 18th amendment
to the constitution of Pakistan, the input of all provincial governments through respective
home departments was obtained for the formulation of this policy. Many of the
recommendations proposed in the policy fall within the domain of provincial governments.
Provincial governments are expected to devise their detailed strategies on various elements of
this framework by adapting it to their specific needs, requirements and priorities. 5-year
provincial 'rule of law' roadmaps, for example, are already in the making and will
supplement this policy. In order to ensure effective implementation and facilitate smooth
coordination between the federal and provincial governments, an Inter-Provincial
Coordination Committee headed by Interior Minister will be formed at the level of Chief
Ministers and Home Ministers to oversee implementation of those postulates of this policy
that provinces are required to implement (these have been specified in the Implementation
Plan detailed in Annex A). Furthermore, Apex Committees established to coordinate the
implementation of the NAP in provinces will continue as a platform for high-level decision
making at the intra-provincial level. It is hoped that such mechanism provides a template for
inter-provincial and federal-provincial coordination going forward.
B. Process of Policy Formulation
The Policy has been drafted after extensive consultations with key stakeholders. The
vision and objectives of the policy- formulation process were informed by the need to
incorporate the inputs and feedback of stakeholders in various domains of state and civil
18
society. In keeping with the holistic vision of policy-making above, three key stakeholder
groups were consulted for the National Internal Security Policy 2018.
1) Parliamentarians: Since they are at the forefront of legislation, policy formulation
and oversight, it is only natural to consider parliamentarians and associated
committees as crucial stakeholders in the consultation process. The representatives of
all major political parties from treasury and the opposition benches in both Senate and
National Assembly were consulted. These also include the members of Parliamentary
Committees on Interior in both upper and lower houses.
2) Government departments and key LEA personnel: Different arms of the state and
especially the Law Enforcement and Security Agencies play a critical role in policy
implementation. Personnel in these agencies are responsible for delivering results and
have the most direct, day-to-day interaction with citizens. As such, they are in an ideal
position to provide feedback and recommend improvements on various security
initiatives. Both serving and retired government officials at both federal and
provincial levels as well as from civil and military institutions were extensively
consulted.
3) Civil society representatives: Civil society groups are vital to ensure political and
social stability and act as conduits between citizens and different spheres of the state.
Moreover, as globalisation has made the relationship between state and society more
sophisticated and clearly articulated, there is an increased importance of various
institutions of civil society in observing, analysing and directing processes of social
change. As such, CSOs, NGOs, academics, and religious leaders are vital
interlocutors in understanding the drivers of insecurity and in the identification and
implementation of appropriate and holistic solutions.
The NISP 2018 formulation process included eight roundtable consultation sessions as
well as a national conference on internal security. An extensive literature review comprising
of Internal Security Policies of relevant countries as well as critical reports, documents,
academic papers and books was conducted (Annex B) . This desk research was complemented
by one-to-one interviews with senior members of state and civil society organisations.
Institutional input was also sought from key state institutions, and the policy draft was shared
for their detailed feedback. Over 120 experts have been directly involved in the formulation
of NISP 2018. Care has been taken to ensure that not only experts from all relevant fields of
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life but particularly representatives of religious and ethnic minorities, marginalised groups
such as women, youth and the differently abled as well as junior ranked government officials
were also included in the process. Indirectly , the document also incorporated
recommendations of detailed consultations conducted by the likes of NACTA, Law and
Justice Commission, provincial home departments, various federal ministries, NADRA and
military institutions. The idea was not to reinvent the wheel but to integrate findings of
multiple initiatives aimed at shaping policy and incorporate these in an over -arching
framework. The institutions mentioned above deserve credit for their valuable efforts in
helping shape this policy.
C. An Overview of the Security Landscape
Many severe security challenges persist in Pakistan that affect the lives of its citizens.
Although terrorism and extremism continue to be the most daunting challenges that Pakistan
must overcome today, the internal security landscape is continually evolving and has become
increasingly complex.
Over the years the form, tactics and nature of terrorism has changed. To begin with,
the threat of transnational terrorist groups has grown significantly in the past few y ears. The
emergence of Daesh in close proximity to Pakistan has raised new internal security
challenges. Recent reports suggest that Daesh is establishing a footprint in the Afghan
provinces bordering Pakistan. The potential for spill over in Pakistan with the support and
collaboration of TTP and its offshoots is not a possibility to be ignored. This situation has
been compounded by the return of battle-hardened militants from Syria and Iraq. Secondly,
there is adequate evidence that radicalisation and militancy is no longer limited to Madrassas
alone. Young people from relatively affluent and middle-class backgrounds, educated in
mainstream universities and schools, are also vulnerable to extremist ideas and narratives.
Thirdly, terrorism is as much an urban phenomenon as rural, and needs to be tackled as such.
Lastly, cyber space has emerged as a key domain for the spread of extremist ideas.
Notwithstanding the broad spectrum of security challenges, this policy deals mainly with
the following:
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C1. Terrorism
Pakistan has seen terrorism being used as a tool to pursue a variety of interests under the
garb of religion, sectarianism and ethnicity. While sporadic political violence has occurred
throughout the history of the country, terrorism surged in the aftermath of September 11
attacks in the US followed by the war in Afghanistan. Post -9/11 Pakistan saw the rise and
growth of terrorism at an unprecedented scale. Al -Qaeda and Tehreek -e-Taliban Pakistan
emerged as significant threats to the security of the country. The internal security situation
was further exacerbated by the persistence and augmentation of the conflict in Afghanistan.
According to official estimates, Pakistan has lost thousands of lives and suffered a loss of
$123 billion over the past 15 years. The government of Pakistan has adopted a range of soft
and hard measures to deal with the menace of terrorism including the National Action Plan,
military operations, multiple counter-terrorism legislation and de-radicalisation programs.
As a result of these efforts, the incidents of terrorism have considerably reduced during the
period between 2014 to 2018. The threat of four critical types of terrorism, however,
remains active:
1) Terrorism in the name of Religion: Many terrorist groups remain active in the
country with the stated aim of imposing their interpretation of religion and
establishing a global caliphate while discrediting democratically elected governments,
civil and military institutions as being un-Islamic. Most of these terrorist o utfits stand
either proscribed or eliminated already by Pakistan, but comprehensive action is
required to remove their traces entirely and choke any financing that they may draw
from the country.
2) Sectarian Terrorism: Several sectarian outfits originated in Pakistan and continue to
have a presence. They belong to various sects and denominations and often use
violent means to target prominent personalities, festivals, and places of worship
belonging to the other sects.
3) Ethno-Political Terrorism: The conflu ence of ethnic identity and politics has
resulted in violence along racial lines to achieve specific political and economic ends.
Karachi, the largest and most ethnically diverse city in the country, has suffered
immensely due to such turf battles. Often, these battles are linked to conflicts over
real estate, territorial control, and constituency gerrymandering.
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4) Sub-nationalist terrorism: Sub-national conflict in Balochistan remains a persistent
challenge for peace and stability in Pakistan. Sub-national m ilitants have used
violence to pursue their goals.
C2. Extremism
The diffusion of violent ideologies in a cross-section of society has given rise to
intolerance and extremism that provides a breeding ground for a new generation of terrorists.
Despite success in curbing terrorism, little has been done to eradicate extremism. Admittedly,
extremism is harder to fight given that it is a mindset and can only be defeated by the
inculcation of an alternate value system in society. Steps, however, are urgently required to
deal with prevalent extremism to realise the dream of a tolerant, peaceful and harmonious
Pakistan.
C3. Cyber Crime
Cyber threats pose a serious challenge to internal security. Cyber -attacks have grown in
volume and become sophisticated over the years. These can range from hacking of critical
government or financial data to virtually paralyzing the country through attacking its
communication network or energy infrastructure. Equally challenging and damaging is the
spread of violent and extremist ideologies using cyberspace. Recently, terrorist groups such
as Daesh have used social networking sites to spread their poisonous ideology and recruit
people. The internet has enabled them to rapidly disseminate their messages and reach out to
a much bigger audience circumventing the barriers imposed by geography and distance.
C4. Organised Crime
The prevalence of organised gangs involved in criminal activities remains a key security
challenge. These range from gangs engaged in drug trafficking and smuggling to those
involved in extortion, kidnaping, money laundering and land grabbing . Often these gangs are
integrated into transnational circuits of arms and drugs, drawing sustenance through these
linkages.
In recent years, there has been a confluence of different terrorist and violent outfits with
groups involved in organised crime. Revenue generated through criminal activities have been
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used to fund terrorism. These linkages help to build capacities (concerning access to
weapons, funds, expertise, and strategies) for various terrorist outfits. The collection of funds
for charitable purposes and its potential use to fund terrorist activities, infrastructure and
armed groups has also complicated the security landscape. These linkages lead to the blurring
of lines between different types of security challenges, thus further complicating and
thwarting the success of "law and order" approaches to security. As a result, the social factors
which accrue to the building of these networks of criminality and violence must be addressed
for any sustainable security strategy.
C5. Sub -National Variations
Internal differentiation of the security landscape can be divided as follows:
Punjab is most populous province of Pakistan and has seen the least violence in the
country ( in terms of overall fatalities), however average death toll per terrorist attack in
Punjab remains the highest in the nation. This figure can be attributed to the deadly nature of
terrorist attacks in the province which are targeted at rush areas for inflicting maximum
damage. Some sectarian organisations have their origins and presence in the province. Inter
and intra-sect rivalries, ideological exploitation of sentiments by raising a false plea for jihad,
pan-Islamic appeals , religious & international terrorist organisations, propagation of violent
narratives over social media, and issues in both mainstream/religious education system
remain vital issues. Some instances of religious riots as well as the majority of blasphemy
accusations have also occurred in the province.
Sindh is ranked as the second most violent region after KP and FATA in terms of
casualties on a per capita basis, although in absolute numbers, the province has been conflict -
prone since the mid-1980s. Karachi has been the theatre for much of the violence in Sind
province. The largest city, as well as the economic hub of Pakistan, has seen bitter ethnic
conflict between various communities. The ethnic strife and politicisation along ethnic lines
as well as the geographic concentration of these fault lines have given rise to the phenomena
of target killings, turf wars, extortion as well as organised crime.
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and FATA have been affected by the war in neighbouring
Afghanistan and its spillover. Between 2005 and 2012, the region recorded approximately
11,862 casualties involving civilians, security forces, and militants, primarily as a result of
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terrorist-related activity. FATA and adjoining regions, in particular, have seen religiously
motivated attacks with a number of militia forces vying for control over territory. The
militants briefly also controlled settled districts of Swat and Buner, merely 100 miles away
from the capital Islamabad. Most of the incidents of terrorism have also been tracked to this
region. Various successful military operations have been able to clear the area and re-
establish the writ of the state.
Balochistan has traditionally seen violent ethnic conflict threatening the integrity of
the State. It is Pakistan's largest province in terms of its geographic size, comprising about 42
percent of the national territory. Concerning extremism and violence, it is ranked fourth
among other provinces. In recent years, sectarian conflict has also affected the province with
minority communities, especially the Hazaras, being targeted in Quetta, the provincial
capital.
Gilgit-Baltistan has remained largely peaceful, however some violence along
sectarian lines has been witnessed. Azad Jammu and Kashmir have seen violence mostly
due to cross-border firing on the Line of Control; however, the region has otherwise remained
relatively peaceful.
The above-mentioned security challenges represent symptoms of several social, economic
and political conflicts that, if not addressed, will continue to fuel instability and violence. It is
therefore essential to go beyond traditional threat assessment and understand the structural
drivers of insecurity in society so that tailored policy interventions can be formulated to
address the root causes of extremism, violence and terrorism in the country.
D. Drivers of Insecurity
In terms of understanding the sources of insecurity in a society, there is a tendency among
policy circles to reduce the complexity of an issue to a single or few determinants. In
epistemological terms, this approach is deemed a reductionist method as it ignores the
embedded complexity in society. The guiding methodology of this policy is anti-
reductionism and anti- essentialism. From the outset we would like to acknowledge the fact
that social reality is quite complex and cannot be reduced to one or two determinants. Social,
political, economic, cultural, religious and all other spheres of social reality are theoretical
constructs that help us simplify analysis. But we should not forget the fact that in the real
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world we do not have well defined and demarcated social sphere s, instead everything is
interconnected and overlapping in nature. Therefore, in social totality, a change in one factor
is simultaneously a cause and an effect. Being cognizant of this complexity of our social
reality, the policy framework developed in this policy appreciates intersections and over-
determination among various social phenomena.
Keeping above in mind, some of the key sources of the continuance of security challenges in
the country are as follows:
D1. Youth Alienation and Frustration
Pakistan currently has the most significant percentage of young people ever recorded in
its history, which is approximately 60% of its total population. A vast majority of these
young people expect access to quality education, decent jobs, meaningful engagement and
participation opportunities. Scholars have associated the existence of large cohorts of youth
with social unrest and conflict. Evidence suggests that large groups of young people are more
likely to experience economic exclusion and barriers to social mobility. This is compounded
by the lack of meaningful social and political participation opportunities which create
perceptions of helplessness and loss of social status and control over their lives and destinies
among young people. All these factors increase the chances and motives for engaging in
violence, extremism and terrorism as a shortcut to achieve recognition, social status, money
and perceived power over a group of people.
D2. Exclusionary Identity Narratives
The growth of exclusionary identity discourses around gender, religion, sect and ethnicity
has also contributed to the rise of extremism and militancy in Pakistan. This is integrally tied
to a lack of shared values and vision which different strata and social groups can subscribe to.
The spread of these discourses is explained by a range of domestic and external factors.
Internally, a lack of societal consensus over the role of religion in politics and a flawed
education system lies at the heart of the problem. Our education system encourages rote
learning and has been ineffective in promoting critical thinking and challenging exclusionary
narratives of religion and society. These narratives have also been reinforced by the surge in
populist identity politics across the world including South Asia. Based on restrictive notions
25
of citizenship and cultural harmony, such ideologies have strengthened exclusionary
narratives within Pakistan.
D3. Regional Inequality
The presence of large disparities among groups or regions and the existence of weakly
governed pockets offer an enabling environment where extremist narratives and militancy
can thrive easily. Research evidence shows that regional inequalities increase the risk of
internal conflict. Conflict is more likely when cultural or linguistic differences among groups
coincide with economic and political disparities. The presence o f group inequalities along
multiple dimensions can easily be interpreted as a consequence of deliberate discrimination
against the group. This holds true in c ase of P akistan where the m ost deprived and
underdeveloped regions—i.e. Balochistan and FATA—also have the highest incidence of
militancy. Today, FATA (74%) and Balochistan (71%) respectively have the highest rates of
multidimensional poverty followed by KP (49%), Sindh (43%) and Punjab (31%).
Similarly, weakly governed spaces often become fertile breeding grounds for local,
national and transnational terrorist groups. Most such areas are governed by
alternative laws and justice systems rooted in tribal codes and customs. Terrorists exploit
these alternative social and political orders in their favour and promise service delivery and
speedy dispensation of justice. FATA is a classic example of this. FATA's unique
administrative status and governance rules—i.e. the FCR system combined with the porous
border with Afghanistan enabled Taliban, Al-Qaeda and other international terrorist groups to
gain a foothold there, in the past.
D4. Lack of Social Justice and Rule of Law
Drivers of violence are often rooted in the social and political fabric of states. Routine
experiences of injustice, discrimination, corruption and abuse create legitimate grievances.
Extremist and militant groups exploit and capitalise on these genuine grievances to offer
alternatives that are often violent and based on the dangerously simplistic binary of "us vs the
other". A lack of social justice also leads to perceptions of hindered aspirations and the
breakdown of traditional structures of support and community. As a result, it becomes
difficult to forge a shared national vision and values which can counter the rise of militancy
and extremist/exclusionary ideologies.
26
D5. Lack of Accountability and Political Inclusion
Exclusions do not only act at the level of discourse or the economy. The lack of
mechanisms for transparency and participation in the spheres of state and civil society also
leads to alienation and a groundswell suitable for cultivation of violence and insecurity. Such
lack of accountability and participatory mechanisms extend all the way from neighbourhood,
universities, police and lower bureaucracy, up to the very highest levels of the state and
federation. An absence of the institutional mechanisms for addressing and negotiating
differences leads to hardening of social attitudes and identities, which in turn work against a
diverse, pluralistic, peaceful polity and society.
D6. Foreign Linkages
Some security challenges such as terrorism, drug and human traffi cking and the
movement of other contraband items have a transnational dimension. Unchecked movement
of people in the presence of terrorist sanctuaries across the border poses a serious threat to
internal security. Tension with – and interference from – nei ghbouring countries have also
contributed to the undermining of a key source of tackling insecurity, i.e. the devising and
implementation of joint strategies against transnational groups and drivers of insecurity and
violence through regional and international cooperation.
In addition to the above drivers, specific other factors have facilitated the growth of
terrorism in Pakistan e.g. availability of small arms. Clamping down on terror financing
continues to be a critical task given the social, political and economic realities of Pakistan.
There has been a general dearth of quality social science research with regards to issues
and problems facing Pakistan. In case of extremism and terrorism, the lack of quality
research has meant that our current understanding of the subject is informed less by empirical
evidence and academic analysis and more by personal experiences, ideological leanings and
intuition. Much of this is due to historical neglect of the social sciences, perverse incentive
structures which promote mediocre and unoriginal research (especially in public sector
institutions), and a general lack of academic and intellectual freedoms. The absence of quality
research on the social drivers of extremism and insecurity has, in turn, meant that translation
into policy has been weak and of limited efficacy.
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E. Inspirations for Policy Formulation
A key function of the internal security policy is to define and provide a strategy to protect
the core values of a nation. NISP 2018 identifies inclusivity, democracy and dignity as
crucial values that must be protected and promoted to ensure peace and harmony in the
country. It aspires for a pluralistic society that celebrates diversity, where the fate of the
people is in their own hands and where everyone is guaranteed a dignified life.
The following sources provided inspiration for the creation of such a society and have
guided the formulation of National Internal Security Policy 2018.
E1. Teachings of Islam
The teachings of Islam call for tolerance, forbearance and peaceful coexistence. Islam
aims to develop harmony and congruence among diverse communities and promotes mutual
respect and accord between them. In verse 99 of Sura Younus the Holy Quran explains that if
it had been God's Will to not grant free will to humankind, He could have made all
humankind alike and all would then have Faith. Thus the men of Faith must guard against the
temptation of forcing Faith by any means of compulsion. Hence the Holy Quran upholds
diversity and tolerance as part of the Divine Will. The Holy Quran sees disputations in the
matter of religion as futile and urges its adherents to find common grounds of belief through
civility, compassion, sincerity, and a genuine concern for the good of others.
As Qur'an states clearly:
"Had God willed, He would have made you a single community, but He wanted to test you
regarding what has come to you. So compete with each other in doing good" (Surat al-
Ma'ida, 48)
"There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion." (Holy Quran 2:256)
Moreover, there are several examples from the practices and sayings of the Prophet
Muhammad (SAW) which stress the importance of diversity and pluralism. The Agreement
of Medina between the communities of Muhajireen, Ansar and Jewish residents of the city is
often considered to be the first constitutional document in the history of state -making. The
28
very basis of the Constitution was based on the recognition of diversity and the promotion of
peace between different communities. In fact, the Prophet (SAW) was once asked, "What is
Eemaan (belief/faith)?", He (SAW) replied: "Eemaan (faith) is patience and tolerance." On
another occasion He (SAW) said: "Do you know what is better than charity, fasting and
prayer? It is keeping peace and good relations among people" (Muslim & Bukhari).
E2. Quaid-e-Azam's Policy Statements
The life, practices and policy statements of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah point
to his vision for a tolerant, diverse and forward -looking country. The Quaid -e-Azam valued
religious and cultural diversity very highly among his circle of close friends and confidants.
The presence of two very strong women in his life – his wife Ruttie Jinnah and his sister Ms.
Fatima Jinnah – impresses upon us his views about women's role in society. Moreover, from
his very first days as a trade unionist with the All India Postal Workers' Union to his
vigorous defence of the anti-colonial freedom fighter Bhagat Singh in the courts, Quaid-e-
Azam espoused a vision of social justice and equality in society. His statements and vision
with regards to the direction of the new state and the place of religious diversity did not
change despite numerous tragic incidents during partition. Thus, it is crucial to revive and
implement anew the Quaid's vision of a socially just and tolerant Pakistan for us to build a
new shared vision and equitable society where all citizens are equal irrespective of caste,
creed, gender or religion. Some of the Quaid's quotes which point irrevocably towards a
vision based on democracy, social justice and equality can be seen below:
"Minorities to whichever community they may belong; will be safeguarded. Their
religion or faith or belief will be secure. There will be no interference of any kind with their
freedom of worship. They will have their protection with regard to their religion, faith, their
life, their culture. They will be, in all respects, the citizens of Pakistan without any distinction
of caste or creed.
Islam and its idealism have taught us democracy. It has taught equality of man, justice
and fair play to everybody. We are the inheritors of these glorious traditions and are fully
alive to our responsibilities and obligations as framers of the future constitution of Pakistan.
In any case Pakistan is not going to be a theocratic State to be ruled by priests with a divine
mission. We have many non-Muslims -- Hindus, Christians, and Parsis -- but they are all
29
Pakistanis. They will enjoy the same rights and privileges as any other citizens and will play
their rightful part in the affairs of Pakistan". (Broadcast talk to the people of the United States
of America on Pakistan recorded February, 1948)
"I have always maintained that no nation can ever be worthy of its existence that cannot
take its women along with the men. No struggle can ever succeed without women
participating side by side with men". (Speech at Islamia College for women March 25, 1940)
"Our object should be peace within, and peace without. We want to live peacefully and
maintain cordial friendly relations with our immediate neighbours and with the world at
large" (Lahore, August 15th, 1947)
E3. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973
The constitution provides the sacred covenant between and among the people of Pakistan
and the State. It guarantees fundamental human rights including that to the life and property
for all citizens of the country irrespective of their religion, sect, caste, gender or ethnicity.
The Constitution provides guarantees for the safety and protection of religiou s minorities in
the country. Moreover, there are also guarantees for the institution of local government and
the provision of basic necessities of life such as food, housing, clothing and medical facilities.
It is therefore the primary responsibility of the state to serve all citizens without
discrimination. Some of the salient features of the Constitution which are especially relevant
for the internal security policy and its wider vision are given below:
Protection of minorities: Principles of Policy ensure the protection of interest and
legitimate rights of minorities including their due representation in national and provincial
services.
Promotion of local government: The state is responsible to establish and maintain local
government institutions so that a locality is served at their doorsteps. Elected representatives
elected by the general public run local governments. This is another step taken under
principles of policy.
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Promotion of social justice and eradication (prevention) of social evils: Article 37 of constitution
under Principles of Policy provides a long list of relevant domains including the eradication of
uneven social and economic development. As such, the state is liable to provide facilities for
education and economic activities in under developed areas so that they come up to the level of
rest of the country.
Social and economic well-being: The Principles of Policy has also provided under Article 38 of
constitution, provisions of the social and economic well-being of the people. Article 38 provides
six provisions on the topic, some of which are as below:
1. State shall ensure the due compliance of social contracts, which is meant between
government and people and employers and employees. State shall also ensure equitable
distribution of wealth and means of production.
2. These principles bind the state to provide facilities for work and adequate livelihood with
reasonable rest and leisure. This is for all citizens within available and limited resources.
Minimum wages have been defined. Medical, casual, and annual leaves are provided under
labour laws.
3. State is responsible to provide sufficient social security by compulsory social insurance or
other means.
4. State is also obliged to provide necessities to its citizens either in service or not. These
necessities include food, clothing, housing, education, and medical relief. No distinction is
allowed with relation to age, sex, creed, tribe, caste, and race.
5. Equitable distribution of wealth within territory of Pakistan is ensured under Principles of
Policy.
E4. Pakistan Vision 2025
Pakistan V ision 2025, launched by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform in 2014
puts forward a new integrated approach to Development Planning that aims to put Pakistan on
an accelerated development path while preparing society for emerging global changes in modes
of wealth creation and growth. The document laying down the future vision for Pakistan's
development identifies five key enablers. Peace and Security, finds its place, along with Social
Justice, Rule of Law, Political Stability & Continuity of Policies and Shared Vision among key
enablers which would have to be in place for Pakistan to grow and prosper.
This is the first time that state-level planning process has acknowledged Peace and
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Security as a critical requirement for growth and development. These key enablers form the
basis for the Vision and Objectives outlined in the National Internal Security Policy 2018.
This also tackles the shortcoming and fears expressed around the current security paradigm
by creating space for those societal processes which create a sustainable environment of
peace and security.
Pakistan Vision 2025 also envisages a strategy for developing a united and equitable
society through balanced and rapid economic development to ensure social uplift of
marginalised and underdeveloped sections/regions of the nation. It mainly focuses on
governance, institutional reforms and modernisation of the public sector to create a flat, agile,
streamlined and tech-enabled public sector. This includes enhancing efficiency, transparency
and effectiveness of the public sector through the development of a skilled, motivated,
results-focused and 'high performance' civil service. Above all, the document foc uses on
'putting people first' by providing every citizen with the ability to improve his/her choices
and quality of life. This requires rapid increase in investments in education, health and social
development, generating jobs and prospects for the youth bulge, harnessing the rising power
of a socially aware population, gender equality and women's development, inclusion of
vulnerable segments, interfaith harmony and acceptance of religious diversity, promotion of
art, culture and heritage, expanding sports facilities and moving towards a knowledge- based,
ethical and values-driven society. This Policy argues that the socio-economic uplift envisaged
under Vision 2025 is directly linked with establishing peace and harmony in the nation where
both mutually reinforce each other.
F. Vision – NISP 2018
The NISP 2018 is centred on the promotion of peace, security and development in
Pakistan as envisaged in the Pakistan Vision 2025. It advocates an expanded notion of
security that defines peace not simply in terms of a bsence of violence but the presence of
conditions necessary for socio-economic and political development of the people of Pakistan
which will lead to a resilient, tolerant and peaceful society. As such, it emphasizes on the
promotion of rule of law, pluralism, inclusive growth, social and economic justice as basic
ingredients for achieving sustainable peace and security within the country.
F1. Vision Statement
NISP envisions a peaceful, democratic and inclusive society by establishing rule of law and
promoting shared prosperity, tolerance and respect for diversity.
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G. Strategic Goals & Objectives
Pakistan Vision 2025 provides a multifaceted framework to establish peace and security
as a prerequisite for sustainable peace and development. NISP 2018 has adopted the critical
enablers identified in Pakistan Vision 2025 as its key strategic goals and objectives. These
include the following:
G1. Establishing Rule of Law
The Policy aims to protect the life, property and fundamental rights of the citizens of
Pakistan by establishing the rule of law. This requires enforcement of state laws/regu lations
in letter and spirit through an effective coordination between various constituents of the
criminal justice system. Violation of human rights can become a crucial driver for extremism
and radicalization, and it is therefore, essential to establish the rule of law and deliver justice.
This entails the following concrete steps:
G1.1 Extending Writ of the State
Terrorism and extremism can thrive due to inadequate application of the writ of the
state. The extension of the writ of the state to all parts of the country, especially in the form
of effective policing and the jurisdiction of courts, is a crucial objective for the National
Internal Security Policy.
G1.2 Institutional Reforms
Institutions which exist as the interface of state and civil society can play a key role in
creating conducive conditions for security. The policy, therefore, aims to enhance the
efficiency and effectiveness of the security apparatus along wi th making them more
transparent and accountable to prevent, deter and transparently contain threats to internal
security.
G1.3 Improving Governance and Service Delivery
Negligence and lack of capacity concerning governance and service delivery create an
environment where insecurity and violence can thrive. This may be due to the lack of
extension of the welfare arm of the state or just due to lack of capacity even when the
33
requisite institutions and departments are present. Thus, the welfare arm of the state must be
extended and its ability enhanced as a competent provider of service in all parts of the
country.
G2. Creation of a Shared Vision
Creating a shared vision based on core values that define the kind of society ours ought to
be is essential to ensure social cohesion. This requires various arms of the state and segments
of society to come together to create a minimum common consensus on shared values that
must be preserved and promoted.
G3. Ensuring Social Justice
Re-formulating the role of critical social and state institutions such as community
organisations and social safety nets providers is of crucial importance in promoting an
inclusive vision of state and society. Extending the welfare arm can help reverse the socio-
economic conditions that create a breeding ground for violence.
Political stability is a key prerequisite for national cohesion and sustainable development.
Experiences of various countries around the world show that political instability and unrest
can have severe implications for national integration and social cohesion. Furthermore,
policies can only generate desired results when political stability is provided. Therefore,
consensus on a shared national agenda centred on the continuation of democracy and
ensuring political stability remain important objectives of the internal security policy.
H. National Internal Security Strategy
On the basis of the vision articulated earlier, challenges and their causes identified in the
preceding sections, a comprehensive policy along with a multi-pronged strategy/Action Plan
is geared to achieve the objectives set above. The National Internal Security Strategy,
therefore, consists of what we categorize as 6Rs that include: Reorient, Reimagine,
Reconcile, Redistribute, Recognize and a Regional approach. The aim here is to acknowledge
G4. Political Stability
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the variety and complexity of circumstances that lead to security challenges and provide a
multi-pronged framework (as shown in figure 3) that allows synchronised interventions in
various domains (such as administrative, ideational and socio-economic) to reshape social
reality. Furthermore, all of the prongs mentioned above represent policy directions and
provide a set of interventions that directly correspond with and contribute towards achieving
strategic goals and objectives of this policy. 'Reorient' for example lays down the plan for
establishing the rule of law, 'Reimagine' addresses the creation of a shared vision,
'Redistribute' provides guidance for ensuring social justice whereas 'Reconcile' (along with
other prongs) provides a roadmap for ensuring political stability.
While efforts have been made to provide a comprehensive and tailored list of
interventions under each pillar mentioned above, priority areas have also been identified to
help government focus its efforts given time and resource constraints. Furthermore,
interventions have been categorised as short, medium and long-term steps in the
implementation plan to help divert resources accordingly. Lastly, the idea was not to reinvent
the wheel but to integrate the recommendations already compiled after extensive
deliberations by various state institutions, government departments and members of civil
society. This ensures broader ownership of the policy and reduces duplication of effort. The
six pillars of the national internal security strategy are detailed below:
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Figure 3: National Internal Security Framework
H1. Reorient
Reorientation of the Security Apparatus will be undertaken for achieving the visi on
and strategic objectives envisaged in this policy.
Rationale: The state security apparatus must modernise not only its infrastructure and
capacity but also by redefining its raison d'etre. The State Institutions exist for the service of
the people of Pakistan, and this should be manifested in letter and spirit by all the State
institutions. This reorientation will require strengthening of the relationship between the state
institutions and the citizens through the adoption of people-centric approach in governance
STABILITY
VISION
JUSTICE
APPROACH
DEVELOPMENT
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and improved service delivery with greater accountability. All organs of the state, civil and
military leadership will continue to work towards that end. Reorientation of the Security
Apparatus will be undertaken for achieving the vision, an d strategic objectives envisaged in
this policy.
The following sets of interventions are designed to help reorient the security apparatus to deal
with contemporary challenges effectively.
Key areas of focus: Improving Strategic Cooperation & Coordination; Intelligence
Gathering and Sharing; Criminal Justice System Reforms (Legal Reforms, Police & LEAs,
Prosecution, Judicial Reforms, Prison Reforms, Parole and Probation with a view to provide
speedy and transparent justice with a people-centric approach), Securing Cyber Spaces,
Combating Financing of Terrorism, human trafficking, drugs and crime, and responding to
disasters (man-made or natural).
Following steps will be taken to reorient the security apparatus:
H1.1 Strategic Cooperation & Coordination
1. Interpr ovincial Coordination Committee on Internal Security headed by Minister of
Interior will be established at the levels of Chief Ministers and Home Ministers.
2. NACTA will continue to be the key federal organization responsible for ensuring
coordination among LEAs against terrorism and extremism along with other
functions specified in NACTA ACT 2013.
3. It will be ensured that meetings of Bo G of NACTA are held as per the provision in
NACTA Act 2013.
4. NACTA will develop str ong analytical capability at its Joint Intelligence Directorate
(JID) to analyse the intelligence reports and ensure that critical information is shared
with relevant stakeholders in a timely fashion.
a. To this end, NACTA will provide a threat assessment in light of intelligence
received from multiple agencies/sources.
5. A comprehensive National Terrorism Database synchronized with the police
departments of the country, NADRA, FIA and State Bank of Pakistan and other
37
relevant departments and agencies will be established at NACTA. The D atabas e will
have the following features:
a. A synchronized red book containing updated information about wanted,
suspected and arrested terrorists and their affiliated groups.
b. The Databank will also include among other elements deemed appropriate,
details about activities, bank accounts details, financial transactions, property
and other assets of suspected and active terrorists whose names have been
placed on the fourth schedule. Adequate human and financial resources will be
provided to run the National Terrorism Database.
H1.2 Intelligence Gathering and Sharing
6. Intelligence gathering capacity of the Police and CTDs will be further enhanced
through continued funding and training.
7. Intelligence Based Operations (IBO's) will be prioritized over other measures such as
combing operations, stop & search and check points that lead to public resentment
and at times further radicalization.
8. All intelligence agencies will devise a uniform system of grading the intellige nce
reports with respect to their credibility and urgency.
H1.3 Criminal Justice System Reforms
Improvements in the criminal justice system (CJS) are the most crucial part of
reorienting the security apparatus to provide justice, establish the rule of law and maintain
law and order. It is important however to recognise that improvements in the civil justice
system is also critical in preventing crime. It is often the failure of the civil justice system to
dispense speedy and affordable justice that gives rise to increased criminal activity. Modern
concepts of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), swift enforcement of contracts and
improved system of land titling need to be introduced.
Shortcomings in the CJS necessitated the establishment of military courts as a short-
term solution. It is essential however that CJS is improved on urgent basis during this time so
that the accused (including those charged with terrorism-related crimes) can be prosecuted
and tried under the civilian dispensation. This policy, therefore, makes it a point to provide a
comprehensive set of measures in this regard. These have been adapted from
recommendations compiled by NACTA and the Law and Justice Commission after months of
consultation with all relevant stakeholders and therefore have across the board backing. The
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CJS reforms include improvements in the legislative framework, law enforcement agencies,
investigation, prosecution, and judicial system, prisons and parole and probation system.
Legal Reforms
9. Legal amendments and reforms will be introduced in coordination with Judiciary
through Law and Justice Commission and Ministry of Law and Justice. These
include:
a. Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 will be amended to simplify procedure and
ensure easy access to courts.
b. Amendments in Anti - Terrorism Act 1997 will be made to prevent its abuse.
Moreover, clauses that overlap or conflict with other laws, such as Pakistan
Penal Code 1860 and Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016 should also
be amended.
c. Anti-money laundering laws and operations will be strengthened.
d. Evidence law (qan oon-e-sha hadat) will be amended/expanded to allow for
recording of evidence through video link, Skype, video conferencing, use of
screens or curtains to hide the identity of the witness as provided in Anti-
Terrorism Act.
e. Provinces will be encouraged to introduce and implement witness protection
programs in accordance with Witness Protection Act.
f. Anti-hate speech laws will be strengthened and implemented.
Police & LEAs
10. State institutions must ensure that they uphold the law in order to inspire society t o
do the same. Accountability mechanisms will therefore be enhanced to ensure that
laws and regulations are applied in a non-partisan, independent and transparent
manner.
a. Police Oversight Bodies consisting of the Provincial Government (which has
the ultimate responsibility of Superintendence of Police), members of civil
society and Professionals (retired Judge s, lawyers and/or C itizen-Police
Liaison C ommittees ) will be constituted to ensure overall institutional
accountability at the Provincial level. For the purpose of internal
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accountability, each provincial police department shall create an internal
affairs branch.
b. P ublic complaints shall be f acilitated through measures such as online
complaint registration; police helpline and the use of SMS for routing
complaints. Public Facilitation Centres shall be established to address public
queries.
c. LEAs will set up dedicated desks to provide information under the 'Right to
Information' Act.
d. LEAs will establish strategic communications units to improve citizen liaison,
dissemination of information and responsiveness to various stakeholders.
11. Policing needs to be improved significantly in Pakistan in terms of performance,
accountability and effectiveness for the NISP to be successful. The Police is the
primary law enforcement agency that provides the first line of defence against all
unlawful activities. The para-military forces and armed forces provide second and
third lines of defence and must only be used as the last resort.
a. Coordination mechanisms will be introduced to bridge the communication gap
between the police and other actors of the criminal justice system.
b. Capacity building and training programs for the CTD will be enhanced to
incorporate international best practices to avoid mishandling or
mismanagement of sensitive issues.
12. Digital and Electronic record keeping systems will be established in all segments of
the police organization.
13. Collection of forensic evidence in all cases will be made mandatory by amending the
Police rules.
14. Police stations will be digitized and made accessible through electronic means.
Systems will be established to facilitate online FIR registration and electronic
submission of challans to the prosecution and courts. Such systems have already been
established in Punjab and KP. Other provinces will be encouraged to established
similar system.
15. Compensation structure of LEAs will be amended to incorporate working hours,
risks and stress level.
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16. C ompletion of forensic science laboratories will be prioritized in all provinces .
Highly qualified scientists will be appointed to head the forensic science laboratories.
Recruitment will be open to the private sector with competitive salaries. Forensic Lab
data in provinces will be interlinked for data sharing and accessing facilities.
17. Communi ty Policing will be expanded to foster trust, open communication a nd
engagement between the police and local communities. Existing Community policing
initiatives will be appraised and used to inform the development of a new National
Community Policing Plan (NCPP).
18. I ntegrated national database comparing CNIC, Driving License, Finger prints,
Immigration Entry/Exits, Toll Plaza Entries, Vehicle number plate, Arms License,
mobile SIM details etc. will be set up. Criminal Record database will be unified at
national level with the access available to all the law enforcement agencies.
19. Recently established Cyber Patrolling Unit at FIA will be resourced and empowered
to monitor Social Media including Facebook, WhatsApp, T witter etc. to curb their
misuse for unlawful activities.
20. The existing video s urveillance system will be upgraded through early completion of
safe city projects and integrating the video surveillance systems of private
establishments with that of public areas.
21. In consultation with prov inces, Natio nal Police Bureau will bring all training
institutions under uniform minimum standards of training.
22. Efforts will be made to give Police Department full financial autonomy .
23. Cost of investigation will be reviewed and rationalized on yearly basis.
Prosecution
24. An independent office of P rosecutor General will be established in all provinces.
This will include mechanism to enhance accountability for failure of prosecution and
curtail low conviction rates.
25. All Information Systems (Police, Prosecution, Fore nsic s, Prisons and Courts) will be
integrated.
26. A robust and closely interlinked system based on modern technology connecting
Police Stations , Investigation, Forensic Science Laboratories , Bomb D isposal Units ,
Prosecution, Courts and Prisons will be established.
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40. Reforming the sentencing structure for non - violent petty crimes will include
alternatives to imprisonment such as fines, probation and community confinement,
community services and psychological treatment of drug addicts.
41. Technical training center with the capacity of various technical trades and all
recreational facilities/games will be provided at each prison for the welfare of
prisoners.
42. Prison Management Information Systems (PMIS) will be installed in all prisons.
43. Family q uarters will be established for conjugal rights.
44. Under trial prisoners, who are expected to stay longer th an six months in the prisons
will be involved in skills development courses. P risoners under imprisonment
extending up to 14 years will be provided an opportunity to improve their educational
qualification.
45. More prisons at District level, Central Prison, Juvenile and women prisons at division
level will be established.
46. Biometric System will be established at prisons linked to NADRA.
47. Wages for convict labour will be at par with market / minimum wages.
Parole and Probation
48. Parole and Probation risk assessment templates will be formulated.
49. The provincial governments will devise and implement a comprehensive workable
M&E framework to regulate and monitor the affairs of the probationers/ parolees for
their reintegration in the society as law-abiding citizen.
50. The government will notify rehabilitation standards to enhance the effectiveness of
probation and parole laws.
51. Probation and Parole registers/records will be computerized, including p articul ars of
probationers.
H1.4 Realizing Technological Potential
Information/data management is key to public service delivery in the 21st century.
Modern technology will be leveraged to improve processes, enhance efficiency and
effectiveness, increase transparency and institutionalize new ways of delivering public
services. Already, the Integrated Border Management System , Safe City project and the
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biometric SIM registration system are successful examples of using information technology
to achieve these objectives. New initiatives will also be launched along the following lines:
52. A number of new information systems will be developed and deployed. NADRA will
be empowered to take a lead on the development/implementation of these systems.
These include:
a. Information Systems proposed under the criminal justice system reforms
(already mentioned in preceding section).
b. Pakistan Visa processing system designed to streamline visa applications.
c. National centralized vehicle database.
d. National criminal database and fingerprint identification system.
H1.5 Securing Cyber Spaces
Militant organizations use cyberspaces for propagating their messages, recruitment and
generating funding. Many individuals and organizations also launch attacks on critical
infrastructure that is supported by IT such as financial, communication or energy sectors, etc.
It is envisaged in this policy that:
53. A National Cyber Security Strategy shall be developed to secure services and
infrastructure from cyber -attacks . A combined civil-military cyber command force
shall be established to ensure intra and inter agency coordination.
54. Cybercrimes Wing at FIA and Cyber Security Wing at NACTA will be strengthened
and their capacity enhanced to curb cybercrimes and monitor misuse of cyberspaces
for extremist or proscribed organizations in collaboration with PTA.
55. Public campaigns will be launched to promote awareness about cyber security
threats.
H1.6 Combating Financing of Terrorism
56. Anti Terrorism Act (1997) and Anti Money Laundering Act (2010) provide strict
laws in Pakistan against financing of terrorism. Steps are being taken to improve
enforcement of these laws by establishing an effective CFT (Combating Financing of
Terrorism) regime in the country with investigative, analytical, deterrent and
preventive roles. A National Task Force on Choking Financing of Terrorism – a
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coordinating body of over 20 Federal and Provincial Organisations has already been
established to improve inter-agency coordination in this regard. Stringent controls on
cross-border movement of money and branchless/internet banking have been
enforced in collaboration with the Financial Monitoring Unit (FMU) at SBP . FMU
has already prepared its own AML-CFT (Anti Money Laundering – Combating
Financing of Terrorism) strategy in this reg ard. The f ollowing steps will be taken on
an urgent basis to further enhance the CFT capability:
a. Facilitation and Regulation of Charities Act will be enacted to ensure that
every penny donated into charity is accounted for. Existing laws will be
reviewed and amended where necessary to bring them at par with international
standards. An INGO policy has already been enforced by the Ministry of
Interior to regulate the registration, working, funding, monitoring and other
related aspects pertaining to all types of INGOs functioning in Pakistan.
b. Fully trained and equipped CFT units are being established at federal and
provincial counter-terrorism departments to investigate money laundering,
terror financing, asset tracing and financial investigation. Similar ly,
specialized training will be provided to the prosecution and judicial branches
of the criminal justice system to improve conviction rates.
c. All necessary steps will be taken to implement i nternational agreements with
regards to acting on funding sources of terrorism and proscribed organisations.
Regional and international collaboration in tackling militant networks will be
enhanced.
d. Efforts will be made to enforce an arms embargo, impose travel restrictions,
freeze movable and immovable property and curtail the fund raising ability of
Proscribed organisations.
H1.7 Management of Western Zone
57. As a result of exalted pressure exerted through O perations Zarb -e-Azb and Radd-ul-
Fasaad, a number of wanted terrorists have fled to safe heavens across the borde r in
Afghanistan. In order to accrue full dividends of these initiatives and curb the threat
of transnational terrorism, the management of western zone will be prioritized. This
includes the following:
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a. Construction of required forts, fencing and posts alo ng the Afghanistan-
Pakistan border will be completed.
b. Raising of additional FC Wings will be continued in three phases. First phase
has already been completed in Financial Year 2016/17 and the next two
phases will be completed by 2020.
c. Operationalisation of formal crossing points along Pak-Afghan and Pak-Iran
Border is also being carried out to promote trade, prevent illegal movement of
persons, human trafficking, narcotics and other contraband items while
facilitating movement of citizens across the countries.
H1.8 Miscellaneous
58. No armed groups of any hue or colour will be tolerated in the country. The
government will continue to use all means necessary to eliminate all militant
organisations and ensure the State's lawful monopoly over violence. The ongoing
Karachi and Radd-ul-Fasad operations will therefore be taken to their logical
conclusions. The capacity of Civilian Armed Forces will be enhanced so that they can
play more active role in combating terrorism.
59. Efforts will be made in coordination wit h provincial government and other
stakeholders to develop a plan for phased conversion of 'B' areas in Balochistan to
'A' areas. This is particularly needed along China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in the
short term.
60. Continued support will be provided to Special Security Division (SSD) of Pakistan
Army tasked with providing security to CPEC. All necessary steps will be takento
enhance the security of CPEC.
61. Laws related to a ban on unauthorized production, illicit trafficking, and possession,
use and display of weapons will be strictly enforced. A comprehensive de-
weaponization strategy will be developed to recover illegal arms and place strict
controls over licensed weapons.
62. Efforts will be made to take effective steps towards curbing religious persecuti on in
Pakistan. These shall include preventing the abuse of existing laws , curbing forced
conversions, the continued protection of religious sites of minorities and enacting
specific anti-discrimination laws in line with Article 27 of the Constitution .
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63. Sp ecial security arrangements will be made during disasters whether manmade or
natural disaster. Proper educational and health facilities will be provided to IDPs in
case of such disasters and separate SOPs may be devised by Ministry of Interior on
handling of such situations and dealing with IDPs in consultation with NDMA and
relevant provincial authorities with a view to ensure safety and security of the
citizens of Pakistan from further damages.
64. Security of critical infrastructure including commercial, eco nomic and
communication network, airports, railways, bridges, oil and gas pipelines, energy
projects, motorways and other installations will be reviewed and upgraded along
modern lines.
H2. Reimagine
Reimagining the society as a tolerant, inclusive and democratic polity will be pursued in
order to strengthen a shared vision for the nation.
Rationale: Reimagining of the State-Society relationship entails responsibilities for the state
and its citizens to promote practices and values which are shared and deep rooted in our
culture, heritage, religion, political consciousness and vision of our founding father. This
shared vision has been evident abundantly in our art, cultural and religious practices,
festivals, quest for democracy and lifestyle which though diverse in character - pulsate with a
unified force as a rich Pakistani Identity. These shared values of acceptance of diversity,
debate and tolerance will be promoted by the State and its institutions. This includes tasks
ranging from the re-im agining nationhood and citizenship to the promotion of practices that
build societal resilience against extremist and violent narratives
Key areas of focus: Building a National Narrative; Reforming the Education System;
Initiating Madrassa, Mosque & Media Reforms and increasing Tourism and Cultural
Activities for a safer, secure and stable Pakistan.
The Policy builds upon an inherent tolerance, forbearance and acceptance of diversity
underlying our religious and cultural values to propose a set of measures for a national
narrative that weaves people together for a peaceful, democratic and prosperous future. Key
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recommendations of the work done at NACTA of the National Counter Extremism
Guidelines and work done by Committee of Experts established by NACTA for developing
National Narrative against terrorism and extremism have been found instructive in this
regard.
H2.1 National Narrative
65. A comprehensive National Narrative against extremism and terrorism predicated on
the celebration of diversity and acceptance of plurality of thought and ideas is direly
needed. Aiming to ensure the primacy of the constitution and rule of law, this
narrative must draw strength from the teachings of Islam, values espoused by the
Constitution, the founding father Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and our rich
cultural heritage, art and literature to foster a fair, tolerant, inclusive and peaceful
society. NACTA will prepare a national narrative which encompasses all aspects of
Pakistani society and its values as a holistic and implementable document with the
following themes:
i. Religious harmony,
ii. Political stability,
iii. National and regional security,
iv. Education for tolerance and peace,
v. Culture for peace and social harmony,
vi. Inclusive economic development,
vii. Responsible Media,
viii. De -radicalization, Rehabilitation and reconciliation.
66. Celebration of cultural and religious diversity will be one of the most important
pillars of the new national narrative. A National Cultural Plan (NCP) will be charted
to celebrate cultural activities and festivals of all faiths and ethnicities. The plan will
involve the following activities:
a. Organisation of cultural festivals in each province to celebrate local cultures
and support for the preservation of folk music and poetry.
b. Recognition of local artists, unsung heroes and role models.
c. Preservation of cultural heritage sites and monuments of all faiths and cultural
groups.
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67. Civil society will be actively involved as a key partner and stakeholder in the process
of development of the new narrative and its dissemination to the wider society and
grassroots level.
68. A national interfaith harmony day will be celebrated annually to promote peaceful
coexistence and acceptance of diversity.
H2.2 Education System Reforms
Efforts have been made in last five years to substantially improve the provision of
education in all federating units of the country. In particular, enrolments and retention rates
have increased on an overall basis. Much however, still needs to be done, especially with
regards to education content and delivery, to build learners' resilience to violent extremism.
Some of these reforms will be as follows:
69. Government will continue to increase resource allocation on education to bring it at
par with at least 4% of GDP. Additional funds will be use d to bridge the gap in the
standard of education between public and private institutions.
70. Minimum national standards will be set for Madrassa s, public and private education
sectors.
71. Curriculum reforms will be one of the most important components of education
system reforms. Across the board curriculum reform in both mainstream institutions
and madrassas will be initiated to bring it in conformity with the new national
narrative proposed above. In collaboration with the provinces, curriculum guidelines
and standards will be developed to ensure that textbooks are free of hate content,
racial, gender and regional stereotypes/prejudices and glorification of war and
violence. Content on the modern concept of citizenship, which stresses
commonalities among all people, irrespective of their backgrounds, and which
derives its values from the basic fundamental rights enriched in the Constitution, will
be developed. In this regard, a review of the curriculum of Pakistan studies and
Islamic studies shall be prioritized.
72. The subjects of social studies and civic education shall be introduced as mandatory
subjects at high school and college level. These subjects will help students develop a
basic understanding of different religions and social issues before they embark on the
path of specialization in their respective fields.
73. Teachers need to be trained on how to prevent the growth of violent extremism in
classrooms and campuses. The federal government shall design and deliver a teacher
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training program on preventing violent extremism in collaboration with provincial
governments and development partners.
74. Child safety education will be mandated at all schools to prevent child abuse and
bullying.
75. Inter-province teacher and student exchange programs will be introduced to promote
social cohesion and harmony.
76. Access to education will be improved in rural areas and deprived regions of the
country. In militancy-affected areas like the tribal areas, physical infrastructure of the
schools destroyed by militants shall be laid. Gi rls' education shall be prioritized too,
especially in areas where militants have threatened girls attending schools.
77. Career and general counselling units shall be created at all educational institutions to
provide much-needed guidance and mentorship to students.
78. Debating societies will be established at educational institutions to help students
develop critical thinking skills and reconcile difference of opinion. The ultimate
purpose of such activities will be the creation of safe spaces for students at un iversity
campuses.
79. Higher Education Commission will devise guidelines for the implementation of the
interventions that fall in their domain. Furthermore, it will be mandated with
ensuring continued improvements in the quality of research increasing the number of
world class research institutions in the country.
H2.3 Madrassa Reforms
80. Registration and regularization of madrassa s in a uniform manner in all provinces
will be ensured. In this regard, all provinces will be encouraged to develop legislation
for mainstreaming madrassas and undertake madrassa reforms.
81. Conditional state funding in return for a financial audit, adoption of national
curriculum, teaching of science subjects and examinations system will be
institutionalized.
82. Avenues to switch from madrassa to the mainstream education system will be created
at a level equivalent to years 5 and 10 of schooling. This will allow students currently
enrolled at madaris a chance to join mainstream education system at various stages of
their educational career.
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83. Increased collaboration will be promoted between madrassas, public and private
educational systems, including student and teacher exchange programs as well as
joint academic and co- curricular events. This will not only reduce mutually-
harboured misconceptions and distrust but must also lead to shared research and
insights into the drivers of and solutions for insecurity, militancy, and extremism.
H2.4 Mosque Reforms
84. Federal government will work with provinces and rel igious leaders to initiate wide-
ranging reforms aimed at making mosques centres of learnin g and religious guidance
for people. A phased program, to be initiated from Islamabad Capital Territory, will
be launched along the following lines:
a. A committee of religious scholars (with representation from all schools of
thought) will be established for the formulation of a recommended syllabi,
examination and training for Imams.
b. Specialized training will be offered to Imams under the supervision of the
committee of religious scholars and administered by Ministry of Religious
Affairs. Standardization of training and expertise of Imams will be ensured
through state-conducted exams leading to specific qualifications.
c. Qualified Imams will be incentivized through a monthly stipend paid by the
government.
d. Recommended g uidelines and nar rative for Friday sermons will be prepared
by the committee of religious scholars in collaboration with government. Civic
values will also be promoted as part of religious sermons. Some progress has
already been made in this regard in the ICT.
e. Funding will be offered to set up libraries at mosques and centres for Islamic
studies under the supervision of Ministry of Religious Affairs assisted by the
committee of scholars. Mosque committees will be reviewed and reconstituted
to ensure effective management. All funds raised for setting up, maintenance
or expansion of mosques will be audited by the government to ensure
transparency.
H2.5 Media Regulation
85. Steps will be taken to ensure the strict implementation of Pakistan Ele ctronic Media
Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) regulations pertaining to hate speech, fake news,
racial prejudice and the glorification of terrorism and terrorist organisations. 10% of
50
the content earmarked for public service messages will be used to share messages
against extremism.
86. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), which regulates the internet, shall
secure online spaces to curb provocative statements and hate speech.
87. Religious publications and other print media will also be regulated and monitored to
ensure that no material preaching hate or glorifying terrorism is published.
H2.6 Tourism and Cultural Activities
88. A National Cultural Plan will be developed to reflect national, provincial and local
cultures that exist in Pakistan. Cultural diversity including traditional festivals will be
celebrated so as to engage youth in constructive activities.
89. Departments dealing with culture, such as the censor board, will be restructured by
engaging professionals. The government will continue to support Pakistani cinema
and film industry by offering tax rebate s as well as reduced sales tax and customs
duty on import of film and drama production equipment.
90. Tourism will be promoted in the country and tourist friendly policies will be adopted.
Religious tourism wi ll also be enhanced , reducing fears of people to visit shrines,
temples etc.
H3. Reconcile
Reconciliation with individuals/groups willing to shun the path of violence will be
pursued through a transparent mechanism established within the ambit of constitution.
Rationale: The incentives for shunning of violence and militancy and for re-integration have
to be made greater than the continuation of militancy and anti-societal discourse and
practices. Many Muslim countries (such as Indonesia and Bangladesh) have formulated
effective programs for re-integration and reconciliation with regards to former militants,
which draws upon the militants and victims' families, and the authority of respected
community and religious figures.
Key areas of focus: Key priority areas in this regard have to be the worst affected areas due
to insecurity and terrorism. In this regard, FATA, Balochistan, and areas of KP and Karachi
have to be paid particular attention. Due to social and political contestation, these areas have
51
been hotbeds of unrest and targets of subsequent security operations. An incentive structure
to provide a way out to militants stuck in the cycle of violence, de -radicalization and
rehabilitation programs and an outright ban on use of violence for achieving political goals
are key to improve security.
Following steps will therefore be taken to achieve these objectives:
91. Efforts will be made to build consensus on offering incentives for militants under
clear and transparent terms to shun violence.
a. A mechanism will be developed to review cases of militants who agree to
cooperate with the law enforcement agencies.
b. De - radicalisation and rehabilitation programs will be used to enable former
militants to join the mainstream. Professionals and moderate scholars will be
engaged for the said purpose.
c. Alternative livelihoods either by providing jobs, vocational trainings or other
means will be provided to former militants once they are certified not being a
security risk.
d. As experimented with successfully in Indonesia, family members of foot
soldiers who submit to surrender and rehabilitation programs, will be provided
livelihood by the state in the meanwhile.
e. Children of suspected and caught militants must be taken care of. This is
important as leaving the next generation without support and viable guiding
figures has been proven to increase vulnerability towards extremism and
violence.
f. Former militants, designated terrorists and members of armed gangs will be
barred from political activities for a specified number of years depending on
the nature of their activities by the commission.
92. No armed group must be allowed to operate a political wing and participate in
electoral processes and vice versa.
93. NACTA will compile data on Pakistani individuals linked with t error organizations
involved in war theatres abroad. Appropriate action will be taken to deal with
returning fighters.
94. Physical infrastructure such as educational institutions, healthcare facilities,
communications networks as well as other public and private dwellings damaged or
52
destroyed as a result of terrorist activities or during military operations will be
reconstructed. This includes a fair assessment of losses and adequate compensation
of those affected.
95. Compensation Package for the personnel/people who lose their lives and limbs will
be made uniform across the country.
H4. Redistribute
Redistributive mechanisms will be enhanced and expanded to provide social protection to
marginalized groups in order to provide social justice.
Rationale: Marginalization, poverty and political deprivation among several other reasons
have been identified as the major causes of the development of feelings of alienation and
disgruntlement among the population and have led to breakdown of state and society
throughout history. The p romotion of values, narratives, and discourses in the absence of
inclusive political, economic and social development with equal opportunity for all to
progress will not bear fruits unless real and shared material improvements in the life of
citizens is made. This all-encompassing vision for security of Pakistan holds true for ensuring
internal security of the country as well. And hence, NISP cannot remain oblivious to the
challenges posed by unequal socio-economic and political development of the country.
Moreover, a reoriented and expanded notion of security also entails a greater focus on the
welfare function of the State. Therefore, it is imperative that the state recognizes and protects
the marginalized sections of society through various interventions including redistributive
measures that provide for social safety nets with a focus on education, health and skill
development facilities to the poorest of the poor on priority. This will help improve state-
society relations, reduce alienation of those at the bottom of the pyramid, and provide them
means for subsistence and upward social mobility.
Besides supporting the economically marginalised segments of society, the State must
also create an enabling environment for the economic and political empowerment of young
men and women to make them resilient against extremist narratives and help them become
active citizens. This will go a long way in fostering a new diverse, inclusive, and
participatory vision of Pakistani citizenship and nationhood.
53
Key areas of focus: Key priority areas in this realm will therefore be the social, economic
and political uplift of marginalized groups such as youth, women and minorities. It is also
equally important to expand social safety nets for the most vulnerable sections of society and
prioritise underdeveloped areas of the country in development plans to reduce regional and
sub-national disparities.
Following steps will be taken to achieve these objectives:
96. Building resilience within society, especially youth, against radicalization will be
prioritized. This involves taking the following steps:
a. Creating more space for young people within various tiers of government
including local bodies. This includes involving youth in policy making
processes of the state and creating opportunities for them in the public sector
through internships and fellowship schemes. In the long run, the government
can consider undertaking legislation to introduce youth quota in national and
provincial assemblies.
b. Making p ubli c spaces women friendly to increase their participation in public
life. This includes strict enforcement of Women Protection Act and
affirmative action to enhance their participation in all spheres of life as well as
measures to reduce sexual harassment and discrimination.
c. Young people of the marginalized areas shall be uplifted by providing
preferred access to colleges and universities as well as vocational training.
d. Expanding vocational and technical training to provide skills to unemployed
youth. In this regard, special schemes shall be designed for young people fro m
underprivileged backgrounds and remote areas.
e. Catalysing job creation by incentivizing investment in productive sectors of
the economy e.g. manufacturing, encouraging the establishment of Small &
Medium enterprises, providing entrepreneurship training and easing access to
credit for youth.
f. Enacting laws to ensure gender equality and creating a safe work environment
for women to increase female participation in the labour force.
g. The g overnment will create an enabling environment to help young people
become job creators rather than job seekers. In this regard, government will
introduce credit and loan schemes to give young people easy and affordable
access to finance. Moreover, bottl enecks in regulation regimes will be
54
removed to encourage and incentivise young entrepreneurs to register
businesses.
97. Socia l safety nets (e.g. BISP) and health schemes for the most vulnerable sections of
the society will be expanded and continued to include the following:
a. Supporting marginalized groups to access basic amenities of life such as basic
nutritional needs including macro and micro nutrients, clean drinking water,
low cost housing as well as health and education facilities.
b. Supporting vulnerabl e groups stuck in modern slavery including (but not
limited to) child labour, unregulated brick kiln workers and sharecroppers.
98. The sub-national and regional disparities in economic development will be reduced
by prioritizing less-developed areas to bring them at par with relatively developed
parts of the country.
a. Government will ensure higher expenditure in infrastructure and the social
sector in less developed districts of the country.
b. Inhabitants of less developed areas will be given priority in pub lic sector jobs
through affirmative action and local development initiatives will be focused
on highly productive sectors to generate employment.
c. Government will remain committed to the implementation of Khushhal
Balochistan program for provisioning of additional funds for socio-economic
uplift of the province.
99. In the wake of constitutional amendment to merge FATA with KP, the Federal
Government will retain substantive responsibility for the security and development of
FATA during the transition period. Government through the Ministry of SAFRON
will coordinate with the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA Secretariat
to:
a. Ensure the rapid development of FATA through additional resources for a
period of at least five years.
b. Ensure the timely develo pment of the administrative infrastructure required
for transition to the new dispensation.
c. Build the capacity of the administrative and legal institutions under the new
arrangements
d. Build the capacity of Law Enforcing Agencies (LEAs) to enable them to
perform normal policing functions.
55
100. Marginalized groups such as women, transgender and differently abled
persons will be mainstreamed by facilitating their inclusion in educational
institutions as well as public and private sector workforce through affirmati ve action.
Vacant seats on quotas under these categories (where available) will be filled on
priority basis.
101. Economic value of domestic work by women who sacrifice their careers to
take up the responsibility of managing households and child rearing will be
acknowledged. Family Laws will be amended to take their in- kind financial support
to the family into consideration.
102. Anti Honour killing Act, Anti Rape B ill and Acid and Burn Crime Bill will be
strictly enforced/approved and further strengthened by including modern scientific
investigative methods such as DNA sampling to curb gender-based violence.
103. An audit will be done to review enforcement of labour laws and the working
conditions of labourers.
H5. Regional Approach
A regional approach will be pursued to promote a peaceful neighbourhood and
collaborate with the global community to deal with common challenges that may threaten
Pakistan's internal security including extremism and terrorism.
Rationale: Pakistan finds itself in an extremely volati le neighbourhood and a careful
consideration of a number of factors such as the situation in Afghanistan, an unsettled agenda
of Kashmir and the turmoil in the Middle East and their potential spill over in the country
demands a serious and well-coordinated response by various governmental institutions.
Given that the security challenges posed by terrorism and extremism are transnational in
character, Pakistan needs to collaborate at the regional and international levels to tackle this
peril. Also, recent fo cus by various countries in the region on increasing trade, enhancing
connectivity and cooperating in the fields of energy and environment present important
opportunities that Pakistan must take advantage of. In this regard, a regional approach will be
pursued to promote a peaceful neighbourhood and collaborate with the global community to
deal with common challenges that may threaten Pakistan's internal security and to maximise
benefits from improved economic linkages.
56
Key areas of focus: Key priority areas in this regard will be to actively work towards
regional peace through meaningful cooperation with neighbouring countries and a shift from
geo-politics to geo-economics.
The following steps will be taken to address the country's internal security challenges:
104. Pakistan will continue to work with the global community to ensure peace and
stability. Security and economic cooperation will be enhanced with developed as
well as emerging countries through bilateral as well as multilateral channels such as
the UN. International agreements and treaties will be implemented to fulfil country's
international commitments.
105. Paki stan will continue to pursue regional peace and enhance diplomatic and
economic relations with all neighbouring countries. In particular, Afghanistan-
Pakistan Action Plan for Peace and Solidarity will be implemented to achieve the
common objectives of eliminating terrorism and ensuring regional peace.
Mechanisms will be developed for intelligence sharing to evolve a joint approach to
common threats.
106. Focus will be placed on geo - eco nomics and regional cooperation. Pakistan
will continue to actively engage with countries in the region bilaterally and through
regional forums such as SAARC, ECO, SCO and others. Similarly, brotherly
relations with Islamic countries will be further enhanced through bilateral and
multilateral channels such as OIC, GCC and Arab League.
107. Neighbouring countries will be encouraged to be a part of CPEC. Gwadar port
will be made a hub of regional and international trade, Pakistan will play a crucial
role as a regional pivot capitalizing on its strategic location at the crossroads of Asia
with China as its neighbour in the north, India in the east, and Iran and Afghanistan
in the west.
108. Pakistani soil will not be allowed to be used by any non-state actor to launch
attacks outside the country. Monopoly on violence of the Pakistani state (strictly in
accordance with the law) will be ensured and no militant group of any hue and colour
will be allowed to operate in the country irrespective of its ideology, scope, scale and
area of operations.
57
109. Counter-intelligence efforts to expose foreign connections of militant groups
operating in Pakistan will be enhanced.
110. Efforts will be expedited to facilitate safe and dignified return of Afghan
refugees to their homeland in coordination with all relevant stakeholders. Steps will
be taken to ensure the registration of unregistered Afghan refugees.
H6. Recognize
Research capacity within the state and society will be enhanced to develop better
understanding of security challenges and inform policy in this area.
Rationale: Critical research on various security challenges is required for designing policy
interventions that address their root causes. High quality, nuanced, and localized research is
required to design policy interventions that work at multiple levels and through multiple
agencies of state and civil society. Very little serious academic research has gone into
investigating the social drivers of insecurity and extremism. Thus, the promotion of quality
research in academia and universities is essential in identifying the causal factors which push
social actors towards extreme viewpoints and actions. Moreover, research collaboration also
needs to be undertaken at the interface of the different educational systems in the country
(private, public, and madrassas), in order to identify shared problems and solutions, which
draw upon the diverse expertise and legitimacies of these diverse spheres. Finally, the
different outputs of these research activities have to be incorporated into policy-making and
state practices through integrated and institutionalized mechanisms.
Key areas of focus: Key priority areas in this regard are to bring research in social sciences
and humanities at par with that in STEM areas, move towards evidence-based policy making
and enhance analytical capacity within the Ministries of Interior and Information and
Broadcast as well as NACTA to improve decision/policy making.
The following steps will be taken in this regard:
111. Security Analysis & Research Cell (SARC) at Ministry of Interior run by
professionals will be established to provide research and analysis capability to
develop deeper understanding of security challenges. The Cell will work closely with
58
think tanks, research centres, universities and other stakeholders to analyse cause and
effect mechanisms of security issues and provide tailored solutions and policy
recommendations.
112. The Counter Terrorism and Counter Extremism Centres of Excellence will be
established at NACTA run by professionals to provide research, analysis and training
support to various arms of government.
113. Pakistan P eace Collective (PPC) at the Ministr y of Information will be
upgraded as the Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence to provide research,
analysis and training support to various government departments.
114. The proposed Centres of Excellence at MoI, NACTA and MoIB will liaise
with various national and international partners to share experiences and develop
research collaborations.
115. Centres of research excellence – operating with wider definitions of security –
will be established at the major varsities in each province and each major city with
funding from state and private donors to promote research on aspects of extremism,
insecurity and securitization from critical political economy, social, humanitarian,
and anthropological perspectives.
116. An annual conference will be held in Islamabad or in one of Centres of
Research Excellence which gathers experts from all centres along with
representatives from various arms of the state (executive, judiciary, LEAs,
parliamentary representatives etc.). This will help in corroborating research and
practical findings orienting future research and action goals, and increase synergies
between academia and policy-making/implementation.
117. Funds will be provided to each public university to invite scholars working on
Pakistani and South Asian history and society abroad to come and give lectures, lead
discussions and study circles with local students. This will increase the next
generation's exposure to diverse viewpoints and ameliorate binaries which promote
extremism such as "East-West", "traditional-modern" etc.
118. T he proportion of HEC MS/MPhil/PhD scholarships for social science and
humanities will be brought at par with those provided to scholars pursuing STEM
fields. Social science and humanities scholars trained abroad should be provided
special incentives to come back and teach in public varsities in Pakistan. This will
help develop plural discourses and research cultures with regards to societal issues in
Pakistan.
59
119. Bi - weekly, student -led study circles will be instituted on various issues of
history, society and philosophy in all major departments of public and private
universities. This will help students in getting exposure to multiple narratives of
society and history and equip them to become more conscientious and active citizens
in the future.
a. Government functionaries, especially those of local government, police etc.,
should regularly join these circles to increase civic and democratic
engagement of students with prevailing state structures.
120. Student societies, fully managed by students through elected councils will be
promoted on campuses along with ensuring their adherence to non-violence. These
will provide training grounds for students to learn the deliberative mechanisms of
democracy, and a focus on resolving outstanding issues through debate, negotiation
and concession. This can provide an effective antidote to prevailing alienation which
increases vulnerability and susceptibility to violent narratives.
I. NISP Priority List
While the policy comprehensively covers all key aspects of internal security, it is deemed
necessary here to identify areas that need immediate attention. A shorter list therefore
containing areas representing top national priorities at the onset of the NISP 2018 has been
provided below. The list however can be reviewed and updated annually after thorough
review by the implementation committee.
60
1. Interprovincial Coordination Committees on Internal Security headed by Minister for
Interior will be established at the levels of Chief Ministers and Home Ministers. An
executive Committee chaired by Minister for Interior will be established to oversee
the implementation of NISP 2018. It will be assisted by an Advisory Committee
comprising key members from civil society to independently report on the status of
implementation.
2. Criminal justice system reforms are essential in establishing rule of law, shortcomings
of which necessitated the establishment of military courts as a short term solution. It
is important that CJS is overhauled on urgent basis so that the accused can be
prosecuted and tried under civilian dispensation.
3. Ongoing milita ry operations will be taken to their logical conclusion. Capacity of
LEAs, CAF and civil administration
will be enhanced to consolidate gains made
through kinetic measures.
4. Comprehensive measures will be taken to combat financing of terrorism through an
effective CFT regime.
Reimagine:
5. A comprehensive National Narrative against extremism and terrorism predicated on
acceptance of plurality, diversity and tolerant teachings of Islam will be prepared and
disseminated.
6. In today's competitive world soft image and brand of a country play an important role
in economic and security domains. All stakeholders will therefore cooperate in
building the brand Pakistan as a democratic, peaceful and responsible state.
7. Across the board curriculum reform in both mainstream institutions and madrassas
will be initiated to bring it in conformity with National Narrative, adopting some level
of standardization of education, having certain common goals and objectives.
8. Registration and regularization of madrassa s in a uniform manner in all provinces will
be ensured and provinces will develop legislation for undertaking madrassa reforms.
Wide-ranging reforms to make mosques centres of learning and religious guidance for
people will be introduced. Guidelines and narrative for Friday
prepared by the government in consultation with the Ulema.
9. A nation- wide Cultural Action Plan will be charted, to celebrate cultural activities and
61
traditions of all faiths and ethnicities including the organization of cultural festivals in
each province to celebrate local cultures, folk music, film, poetry, recognition of local
artists, unsung heroes, role models and preservation of cultural heritage sites and
monuments.
Reconcile:
10. Efforts will be made to build consensus on offering incen
tives for militants under
clear and transparent terms to shun violence.
11. De - radicalisation and rehabilitation programs will be incorporated to enable former
militants to join the mainstream.
12. No armed group will be allowed to operate a political wing and participate in electoral
process and vice versa.
Redistribute:
13. Social, economic and political uplift of marginalized groups such as youth, women
and minorities will be undertaken.
14. Social protection safety nets and health schemes for the most vulnerable sections of
the society will be expanded and continued to include the marginalized and
vulnerable groups.
15. The sub - national disparities in economic development will be reduced by prioritizing
less-developed areas to bring them at par with relatively develope
country.
Regional Approach:
16. Pakistan will continue to promote a peaceful neighbourhood in the region
17. Monopoly on violence will be the sole prerogative of the state and no armed groups of
any hue and colour will be allowed to operate in the country
18. Focus will be placed on geo - economics and regional cooperation, neighbouring
countries will be encouraged to be a part of CPEC.
Recognize:
19. Research in social sciences and humanities will be brought at par with that in STEM
areas in terms of funding and importance.
20. The Counter Terrorism and Counter Extremism Centres of Excellence will be
established and run by professionals to provide research, analysis and training support
to various arms of government.
Table 2: NISP Priority List
62
J. Implementation & Oversight
A robust implementation mechanism will be established to oversee the implementation of
NISP 2018. This will include the following:
NISP Implementation Committee
A high-level committee will be established to periodically oversee the implementation of
NISP 2018. The committee will be chaired by the Minister for Interior and include the
following:
Minister of Interior (Chairperson)
National Security Advisor
Secretary Interior
Secretary Foreign Affairs
Secretary Defence
Secretary Finance, Revenue & Economic Affairs
Secretary Information, Broadcasting, National history & Literary heritage
Secretary Religious Affairs & Interfaith Harmony
National Coordinator NACTA
Director General IB
Director General ISI
Provincial Chief Secretaries
All IGPs
Committee will be empowered to invite representatives from other state institutions,
government ministries, departments and LEAs as and when required.
Advisory Committee on Internal Security
The implementation committee will constitute an advisory committee that will prepare and
submit quarterly report to the implementation committee on progress made. This may include
members of the civil society, former members of law enforcement agencies, judiciary and
bureaucracy, legal experts, academics, youth, women and minority representatives and
security experts. The Committee will have representation from all federating units of the
country. Information required to prepare progress report will be furnished by the relevant
63
government departments when requested by the committee. A dedicated secretary will be
appointed to provide administrative support to the committee.
Implementation Plan
A comprehensive implementation plan that lists all key interventions along with their
implementing bodies, timeline, targets, funding requirements and indicators for evaluating
progress has been prepared. The detailed implementation plan is provided in Annex A.
64
Naonal Internal Security Policy (2018 - 2023)
Implementaon Plan
Color Key Timelines
Short Term
Medium Term
Long Term
Policy Pillar 1: Reorienta�on of the Security Apparatus
Strategic Cooperaon and Co o rdinaon
1
Establishing Interprovincial Coordinaon
Commiees on Internal Security at the levels of
Chief Ministers and Home Ministers. MoI Commiee(s) established -
2
NACTA will be responsible for ensur ing
coordinaon among all stakeholders against
terrorism and extremism. NACTA JID made funconal -
3 BOG meeng of NACTA will be held as per NACTA
Act 2013.
4
NACTA will develop strong analycal capability at
the Joint Intelligence Dir ectorate (JID) for report
analysis and informaon sharing. MoI/NACTA
No. of reports prepared by
JID -
a
NACTA will pro vide a threat assessment in the
light of intelligence received from mulple
agencies/sources. MoI/NACTA
No. of threat assessments
made -
5 Establish a comprehensive databank synchronized
with Police, NADRA, FIA, and SBP. MoI Databank established
TBD by MoI and
NACTA
5a The Databank will include a red book containing
updated informaon of terrorist groups
NACTA
Red book digized with all
the required and updated
informaon
TBD by MoI and
NACTA
5b
The Databank will also include details about
acvies, bank account details, financial
transacons, properes and other assets of
active/suspected terrorists whose names are
placed on fourth schedule. MoI
Databank established with
all the required funcons
TBD by MoI and
NACTA
Intelligence Gathering and Sharing
6
Intelligence gathering capacity of Police and CTDs
will be enhanced through beer funding and
MoI/Home
allocaons, No of training
TBD by MoI and
7 IBOs will be priorized over other measures to
reduce extremism and radicalizaon
MoI
No. of IBOs undertaken.
No. of checkpoints
removed. -
8
Uniform system for grading intelligence reports
for all intelligence agencies. NACTA
Uniform mechanism for
grading established. -
Criminal Justice System Reforms
9
Legal amendments and reforms to improve the
criminal jusce system.
9a
Amend Code of Criminal Procedure of 1989 to
simplify the procedure and ensure easy access to
courts.
MoI/Ministry
Amendment to the Code of
9b Amend An-terrorism Act 1997 to prevent
extremism and radicalizaon.
MoI/Ministry
of Law
Amendments made to
An-Terrorism Act. -
9c
Strengthening of money laundering laws and
operaons
9d Evidence law to be amended and expanded
9e
Instute witness protecon programs in all
provinces
Ministry of
Law
Seng up of witness
protecon programs -
9f Strengthen An hate speech laws
Police & LEA's
10
The LEAs will devise internal mechanisms to
ensure that laws and regulaons are applied in a
transparent and independent manner. MoI
No. of procedures
amended/established -
Police Oversight Bodies will be established to
ensure instuonal accountability at the Provincial
level.
&
All Home
Departments
bodies established
65
10b
Public complaints shall be facilitated through
measures like Online Complaint Registraon;
Police helpline and use of SMS for roung
complaints. Public Facilitaon Centers shall be
established to address public queries.
&
All Home
Departments
Complaints. Number of
Public Facilitaon Centers
established.
10c
LEAs will set up dedicated desks to provide
informaon under the 'Right to Informaon' Act. MoI
No. of informaon desks
set up. -
10d
LEAs will establish strategic communicaons units
to improve cizen liaison, disseminaon of
informaon and responsiveness to various
stakeholders.
Ministry of
Interior
No. of communicaon
units established -
11
The police is the primary LEA that should provide
the first line of defence against unlawful acvities
Interior/Hom
Bridge communicaon gaps between police and
other actors of criminal jusce syst em through
open dialogue
home
department/
No. of consultave
Capacity building for CTD by incorporang
internaonal best pracces to avoid
mismanagement of sensive issues.
home
department/
TBD by relevant home
12
Digital and Electronic record keeping syst ems will
be established in all segments of the police
organizaon.
Home
Departments
/ IGPs
establishments digized
-
13
Collecon of forensic evidence in all cases will be
made mandatory by amending the police rules.
home
department/
IGPs
rules/ procedures
-
14
Police staons will be digized. Online FIR
registraon and electronic submission of challans
to the prosecuon and courts.
Home
Departments
/ IGPs
lodged, number of
electronic challans
-
15
Working hours to be devised and salary
allowances to be made in accordance with the
working hours, risks and stress level.
Home
Departments
/ IGPs
Amendments in
compensaon structure -
16
Compleon of forensic science laboratories:
Appoinng highly qualified sciensts to head the
forensic science laboratories, and making
recruitment open to the private sector, with
Home
Departments
, Balochistan:
Prosecuon
No. of forensic laboratories
established & No. of
experts recruited
TBD by relevant
17
Engage the community as partners in policing by
empowering neighborhood communies, cizen-
police liaison committees and police complaint
authories, at provincial and district levels.
Home
Departments
communities, cizen-
police liaison committees,
and police complaint
authories established.
-
18
Seng up integrated naonal database including
CNIC, License, Fingerprints, Immigraon data,
vehicle number plates, Arms license, SIM etc., so
all the provincial LEAs should share resources for
Watch and Ward. Similarly, criminal record
database should also be unified at the naonal
Integrated Naonal
Cyber Patrolling Unit will be established at FIA for
effective monitoring of Social Media including
facebook, whatsapp, twier etc.
established
TBD by NACTA and
The exisng video Surveillance system should be
upgraded through early compleon of safe city
projects and integrang the video surveillance
systems to private establishments with that of
projects completed
In consultaon with provinces, Naonal Police
Bureau to bring all training instuons under
uniform minimum standards of training.
Standardized training
22 Financial Autonomy to Police Department.
Home
Departments
Amendments to relevant
rules/laws -
23
Cost of invesgaon to be reviewed and
raonalized on yearly basis.
Relevant budgetary
changes implemented -
24 An independent office of Prosecutor General will
be established in all provinces.
Department
KP, AJK, ICT
and GB
Prosecutor General
established. TBD by relevant
Home Dept.
25 All informaon systems at various arms of CJS will
be integrated.
Jusce
Commission/
NJAC and PJC
Interlinked robust system
established
-
66
36
Special benches will be constituted at Principal
seat and Branch Registries of Supreme Court and
High Court to decide current/old cases by placing
the priorized ones on fast track.
Courts
Number of special benches
constuted
37 Enhance prison security and use high security
prisons to house hardened terrorists. Prison
Departments
No. high security prisons
established
relevant Home
Ministries and Prison
Depts.
38 Imprison terrorists in isolaon to avoid
radicalizaon in jails. Prison
No. of isolaon units
39 Designing de-radacalizaon and rehabilitaon
programs for convicted terrorists
Departments
/
No. of de-rad. and
40 Reforming the sentencing structure for non-
violent pey crimes NJPMC Sentencing rules amended -
41 Technical training center will be provided for the
welfare of prisoners.
Departments
No of training centers with
recreaon facilies created
TBD by relevant
Home Depts.
42 Prison Management Information Systems (PMIS)
to be installed in all prisons.
Departments
PMIS developed &
installed -
43 Family Quarters to be established for conjugal
rights.
established
TBD by relevant
Home Depts.
44 Skills development and educaonal courses for
long term prisoners.
Departments
No of skills development &
educaonal courses
offered
TBD by relevant
45 More prisons will be established.
Departments
No. of prisons established
Home Depts.
46 Biometric System will be devised and linked with
NADRA.
Departments
No. of prisons linked with
NADRA
TBD by relevant
47 Wages for convict labour will be at par with
market / minimum wages.
Departments
TBD by relevant
48 Parole and Probaon risk assessment templates
will be formulated
Departments
Risk assessment templates
formulated
-
49
M&E framework to regulate and monitor the
affairs of the probaoners/ parolees for their
reintegraon in the society as a law-abiding
cizen.
Departments
and implemented
-
50
The government should notify rehabilitaon
standards to enhance the effecveness of the
probaon and parole laws.
Departments Rehabilitaon standards
26
Monitoring systems will be established to keep
watch on me lag during police custody,
invesgaon, prosecuon, bomb disposal units,
forensic science laboratories etc.
Jusce
Commission/
established.
Home Ministries in
collaboraon with
27
Combined training courses for Judges,
Investigang Officers and public prosecutors at
the Federal Level will be conducted.
Trainings of prosecutors on case review, advocacy
skills and police prosecuon cooperaon.
Academies
conducted
TBD by relevant
stakeholders
28 Female Prosecutors will be posted in all districts
especially in cases where females are involved.
Prosecuon
Departments
No. of female prosecutors
29 Bifurcaon of courts
High Courts
Dedicated courts
established
30
Trial procedures will be amended to conclude the
trial within shortest period of me
High Courts
Average trial period
reduced
31 Provincial Jusce Committees operaonalized
Commission
/Ministry of
Establishment of provincial
Home Ministries in
collaboraon with
32
Development of mechanism for instuonal
accountability and establishment of an effective
mechanism to redress public grievances at
provincial/ regional, district and Tehsil level.
High Courts
Mechanism developed to
redress public grievances
33 The code of conduct for subordinate judiciary.
Courts
Approval of code of
conduct
34
Acvaon of the District Legal Empowerment
Commiees for providing legal aid to the
deserving litigants.
Courts
Empowerment
Commiees activated
TBD by respective
High Courts
35
Monthly meengs for Monitoring the
performance of investigation agency, for quick
disposal of criminal cases.
Courts No. of monthly meengs
67
Realizing Technological Po ten�al
52 A number of informaon systems will be
developed and deployed by NADRA.
No. of IS developed and
52a Informaon Systems proposed under CJS reforms
NADRA/MoI/
Home
Depts/High
Courts No. of Reforms
TBD by relevant
Home Ministries in
collaboraon with
LJCP
52b
Pakistan Visa processing system will be
streamlining these applicaons.
Visa processing system
implemented TBD by MoI
52c Naonal centralized vehicle database
Naonal Centralized
database established TBD by MoI
52d Naonal Criminal database and fingerprint
idenficaon system.
Naonal Criminal database
53
Naonal Cyber Security Strategy and combined
civil-military cyber command force shall be
established to prevent cyber- aacks.
Cyber Command Force
54
Strengthen FIA cybercrime wing and its capacity to
monitor cyberspaces for extremism. MoI/FIA
enhanced TBD by MoI and FIA
55
Public campaigns will be launched to promote
awareness about cyber security threats. MoI
No. of campaigns
launched. TBD by MoI
Comba�ng Financing of Terrorism
56
Naonal Task Force on Choking Financing for
Terrorism has been established to control cross-
border movement of money and internet banking.
Naonal Task Force
56a Enactment of Regulaon of Charies Act to
regulate and monitor charies/donaons.
56b
Trained CFT units will be established in CTDs to
invesgate money laundering, terror financing,
and asset tracing.
NACTA/Hom
e depts.
CFT units established and
trained
TBD by MoI & Home
Depts.
56c
Internaonal agreements on terrorist financing
will be implemented to enhance regional and
internaonal collaboraon in tackling militant
NACTA/Hom
administrave changes
made to enforce
56d Enforce restricon on Proscribed organizaons NACTA/Hom
57 Management of Western Zone
57a
Construcon of forts, posts and fencing of
Afghanistan-Pakistan border
Forts and post
constructed, border fenced
57b Raising of addional FC Wings MoI/MoD FC wings raised MoI/MoD
57c Operaonalisaon of formal crossing points at
Pak-Afghan and Pak-Iran border
Crossing points
58
The government will connue to use all means to
eliminate all militant organizaons and conclude
the ongoing Karachi and Radd-ul-Fasad
operaons.
MoI/All
Home
Departments
Targets set for the
operations achieved
TBD by relevant
Home Depts.
59
Provincial government and other stakeholders will
develop a plan to convert 'B' areas of Balochistan
to 'A' areas, especially for CPEC.
Home
'B' Areas converted to 'A'
TBD by relevant
60 Connued support will be provided to SSD of
Pakistan Army to provide security to CPEC.
home
departments
/ IGPs
SSD established and
operaonalized MoI/MoD
61 Enforce laws to ban illicit trafficking, unauth orized
producon, and possession of weapons. MoI
No. of cases registered,
prosecuted and
convicons MoI
62 Protecng religious minories
No. of Legal amendments,
No. of festivals celebrated.
63 Security arrangements during disasters MoI/NDMA
framework developed MoI/NDMA
64 Security of crical infrastructure MoI
and improvements made MoI
51 Computerizaon of Probaon and Parole
registers/records.
Departments
MIS develop ed and
implemented -
68
84a
A commiee of religious scholars will be
established for the formulaon of recommended
syllabi, examinaon, and trainings for Imams.
Religious
Affairs/
Home
Departments
/Provincial
Commiee of religious
66b Recognion of local arsts, un sung heroes and
role models Provincial
Govts.
provincial
department
66c Preservaon of cultural heritage sites and
monuments of all faiths and cultural groups Provincial
Govts.
No. of heritage sites
preserved/up lied
provincial
department
67
Civil Society will be actively involved as a key
partner
NACTA/Provi
ncial Govts. -
68
A naonal interfaith harmony day will be
celebrated annually to promote peaceful
coexistence and acceptance of diversity.
Provincial
Naonal interfaith
69
Govt. will increase resource allocaon on
educaon to bring it at par with at least 4% of GDP
and bridge the gap between public and private
Federal and
Provincial
Percentage increase in
federal and
provincial
70 Minimum naonal standards will be set for
madrassahs, public and private educaon sectors.
of Educaon
&
71
Introducing curriculum reforms in schools and
madrassas to conform it with the Naonal
Narrave
of Educaon,
HEC &
NACTA
Curriculum reforms
iniated and
implemented -
72
The subjects of Social Studies and civic educaon
shall be introduced as mandatory subjects at high
school and college levels
of Educaon
&
HEC -
73
The federal govt. shall design a teacher training
program on prevenng violent extremism in
collaboraon with provincial governments.
of Educaon
&
Educaon in
collaboraon with
74 Child safety educaon will be mandated at all
schools to prevent child abuse.
Departments
No. of schools that provide
75
Interprovincial teachers and students exchange
programs will be introduced to promote social
cohesion and harmony.
of Educaon
&
Educaon in
collaboraon with
76
Access to educaon will be improved in rural areas
and deprived regions. Physical infrastructure of
the schools destroyed by militants shall be laid
and girls educaon shall be priorized
of Educaon,
HEC &
No. of schools built in
As finalized by HEC,
NACTA and Dept. of
77
All educaonal instuons will have student
counselling and career counselling
departments/experts.
Departments
of Educaon
& HEC
No. of instuons with
these facilities
Educaon in
collaboraon with
HEC
78
Establish debang sociees at educaonal
instuons at all levels
of Educaon
No. of debang societies
79
HEC will devise guidelines for the implementaon
of the intervenons that fall in their domain.
Connued improvements in the quality of
research will be made to produce world-class
Departments
of Educaon
&
Madrassa Reforms
80
Registraon and regularizaon of madrassahs in a
uniform manner in all provinces will be ensured.
Departments
No. of registered
TBD by dept of
81
Instuonalize condional state fundin g, adopon
of naonal cu rriculum, t eaching of science
subjects and examinaons system Departments
No. of scientific subjects
taught and no. of
examinaon systems
82
Create avenues to switch from Madrassa to the
mainstream educaon system, at a level
equivalent to years 5 and 10 of schooling.
Departments
Transfer systems
TBD by dept of
83
Increased collaboraon will be pro moted between
madrassahs, public and private educaonal
systems including student and teacher exchange
programs and joint academic events.
Departments
TBD by dept of
84
Federal government will work with provinces and
religious leaders to make mosques centers of
learning. A phased program will be iniated with
the following guidelines.
Religious
Affairs/
Home
Departments
/Provincial
Govt.
TBD by MoRA,
relevant Home
Depts.
Policy Pillar 2: Reimagining the Society
65
A comprehensive naonal narrave against
extremism needs to be developed . NACTA
Naonal narrave
approved
-
66
Naonal Cultural Plan to celebrate cultu ral
acvies of all faiths and ethnicies. NACTA
Development of the
Naonal Cultural Plan
-
66a
Organizaon of cultural fe stivals in each province
to celebrate local cultures and support folk music
and poetry.
Provincial
Govts.
No. of cultural festivals
celebrated
provincial
department
69
84b
Specialized training will be offered to Imams and
subsequently, standardizaon of trainings and
expertise of Imams will be ensured via state-
conducted exams.
Religious
Affairs/
Home
Departments
/Provincial
Govt. No . of trainings offered
TBD by MoRA,
relevant Home
Depts.
84c Qualified Imams will be empowered through a
monthly spend paid by government
Religious
Affairs/
Home
Departments
/Provincial
Govt.
Budgetary allocaons &
seng up exam structures
TBD by MoRA,
relevant Home
Depts. And Provincial
Govts
84 d Government to prepare guidelines and narrave
for Friday sermons in consultaon with the Ulema
Religious
Affairs/
Provincial
Guidebook for Friday
84 e
Government will administer the management , and
finances of mosques committees and centers of
Islamic Studies at the district and local levels
Ministry of
Religious
No. of mosques
administered by
TBD by MoRA,
relevant Home
85
Steps will be taken to enforce the Pakistan
Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)
regulaon. PEMRA
PEMRA's regulaon
enforced.
-
86
PTA shall secure online spaces to curb provocave
statements and hate speech. PTA No. of websites blocked
-
87
Religious pub licaons, which enjoy d edicated
readership, will also be regulated.
Mechanism developed for
Tourism and Cultural Activities
88
Cultural Plan to be developed to reflect naonal,
provincial and local cultures prevalent in Pakistan
Ministry/
departments
of Culture
Development and
Approval of Cultural Policy.
-
89
Departments deal ing with cul ture, such a s censor
board, will be restructured by engaging
professionals.
Ministry/
departments
No. professionals engaged
TBD by MoIB, &
Relevant Provincial
90
Tourism will be pro moted and tourist friendly
policies will be adopted
MoI/Provinci
al
Departments
TBD by MoI and
Provincial Depts.
Policy Pillar 3: Reconcile
91
Incenve structure to be offered to militants to
shun violence.
Incenve structure
91a
Establish a mechanism to revi ew case s of militants
who gave up violence
Establishment of the
91 b
Establish de-radicalisaon and rehabilitaon
programs, using p rofessionals and scholars, to
enable former militants join the mainstream.
de-redacalizaon
No. of professional
scholars hired for the
91c Provide alternative livelihoods to former militants
through jobs and trainings.
Development of
91d
Family members of former militants who
surrender or join rehabilitaon programs, will be
taken care of by the state in meanwhile. MoI
Development of
rehabilitaon programs TBD by MoI
91e Ch ildren of suspected and caught militants must
be taken care of
Development of welfare
91f
Ban former/ current militants from polical
acvies for a specified number of years
depending on the nature of their acvities MoI/ECP
Development of
framework & criteria -
92
No armed group must be allowed to operate a
polical wing and parcipate in electoral process
Enforcement of relevant
93 NACTA should compile data on Pakistani
individuals linked with terror organizaons
94
Physical infrastructure damaged during military
operaons will be reconstructed and
compensaon for losses will be provided.
MoI/MoD/
MoPDR
No. of reconstructed
educaonal instuons,
health care facilities,
communicaons networks
as well as other public and
private dwellings.
As decided by
relevant ministries
95 Compensaon Package for the personnel who lose
lives and limbs will be made uniform naonally. MoI/Provinci
al Govts.
MoI/Provincial
Govts.
70
Policy Pillar 4: Redistribute
96 Building resilience within society, especially youth,
against radicalizaon will be priorized.
96a Creang more space for youth within various tiers
of government including local bodies Federal &
Provincial
No. of young people
involved in policy making.
No. of young people
employed in public sector.
96b
Making public spaces women friend ly to increase
their parcipaon, including enforcement of the
Women Protecon Act.
artment of
Women
Developmen
t/ MoHR
Measures taken to curb
sexual harassment -
96c
Young people of the marginalized areas shall be
uplifted by establishing universies and colleges in
deprived areas.
MoPDR/ All
Educaon
Departments
No. of educaonal
instuons established
TBD by MoPDR and
relevant educated
departments.
96d Expandin g vocaonal an d technical training to
provide skills to unemployed youth.
Increase in number of
vocaonal and technical
Depts. In
collaboraon with
96e
Providing investment incenves, encouraging
establishment of Small & Medium enterprises, and
providing training for youth's job creaon MoF/
MoPDR
No. of investment
incenves provided.
No. of loans offered to
Small & Medium
enterprises.
As finalized by MoF
and MoPDR
96f
Enacng laws to en sure gender equality and
creang safe work environment for women to
increase female parcipaon in labor force.
artment of
Women
Developmen
No. of laws made to
96g
Government will introduce credit and loan
schemes to give young people easy and affordable
access to finance. Regulatory bolenecks will be
MoF/
MoPDR
No. of loans given to young
people.
As finalized by MoF
and MoPDR
removed to encourage young entrepreneurs to
register businesses.
97 Expansion of social protection safety nets and
health schemes for the most vulnerable secons
Social
Protecon/
Ministry of
Health
Expansion of social safety
nets and health schemes
established.
TBD by MoH and
Dept. of Social
Protecon
97a
Supporng marginalized groups to access basic
amenies such as cl ean drinkin g water and
micro/macro nutrients.
Ministry of
No. of projects/iniatives
97b Supporn g modern groups stuck in slavery such as
brick kiln workers, child labour and sharecroppers.
Social
No. of projects/iniatives
TBD of Dept. of
98
The sub-naonal disparities in economic
development will be reduced by priorizing less -
developed parts of the country.
MoPDR/
EAD/ MoF
No. of development
schemes in deprived areas -
98a
Government will ensure higher per-capita
expenditure in infrastructure and so cial sector in
less developed districts of the country.
No. of development
schemes in deprived areas
TBD by MoPDR in
collaboraon with
98b
Inhabitants of less developed areas will be given
priority in public sector jo bs throu gh affirmative
acon and local development iniaves will be
focused on highly producve sectors to generate
employment.
MoPDR/
EAD/ MoF
No. of employment
schemes iniated -
98c Implementaon of Kushhal Balochistan program MoF/Provinc
99 FATA-KP merger
99a Provision of addional resources for rapid
development in FATA
MoF/PDR/Pr
ovincial govt. Funds allocated
99b Development of administrati ve infrastructure
Provincial
govt. Infrastructure developed
99c Capacity building of administrave and legal
instuons
Provincial
Administraon and legal
99d Capacity buildin g of LEAs MoI/Home
depts.
LEAs made funcon in
newly merged territory
100
Marginalized grou ps will be mainstreamed by
facilitang their inclusion through affirmative
acon.
EAD/
Welfare
Departments
No. and impact analysis of
iniaves launched
TBD by MoPDR in
collaboraon with
EAD
101
Economic value of domesc work by women will
be acknowledged
Amendments made in
family laws
10 1
An-honor killing Act, an -rape bill and acid and
crime burn bill will be strictly enforced.
Evaluaon of enforcement
of bills
103
An audit will be done to review enforcement of
labour laws and the working condions of
labourers
departments
of Labour/
MoHR Labor laws reviewed -
71
Policy Pillar 5 : Regional Approach
104
Security and economic cooperaon will be
enhanced with developed and developing
countries through bilateral and mullateral
channels. MoI/MoFA -
105
Enhance diplomac and economic relaons with
all neighboring countries, parcularly
implemenng the Afghanistan-Pakistan Acon
Plan for Peace and Stability.
106
Focus will be placed on geo-econ omics and
regional cooperaon, neighboring countries will
be encouraged to be a part of CPEC.
MoPDR/Mo
FA/MoI
-
107 Neighboring cou ntries will be encouraged to be a
part of CPEC.
108
Pakistani soil will not be allowed to be used to
launch aacks outside the country. No militant
group of any hue and color will be allowed to
operate in the country irrespecve of its ideology,
scope, scale and area of operaons. MoI & MoD
Eliminaon of any militant
remnants -
109
Counter-intelligence efforts to expose foreign
connecons of militant groups operang in
Pakistan will be enhanced.
Intelligence
Agencies No. of IBOs conducted
TBD by relevant
Intelligence agencies
110
Steps will be taken to facilitate the return of
Afghan refugees to their homeland, as well as
ensuring the registraon of unregistered Afghan
TBD by relevant
Policy Pillar 6: Recognize
111
Security Analysis and Research Cell (SARC) will be
established and work closely with think tanks,
research centers and universies to provide policy
recommendaons.
Research Cell established
TBD by MoI
112
The Counter Terrorism and Counter Extremism
Centres of Excellence will be developed at NACTA
Counter Extremism
Centres established
As finalized by
NACTA
113
PPC at the Ministry of Informaon will be updated
as the Strategic Communications Center of
Excellence
Informaon
and
Broadcasng
-
114
Proposed Centers of Excellence at MoI, NACTA,
and MoIB will partner with various naonal and
internaonal groups for experience sharing.
MoI, MoIB,
Internal Security Research
Fund established
TBD by MoI, MoIB,
115
Centers of research excellence – operang with
"wider" definions of security – will be established
at the major varsities in each province
al HE Depts.
No. of centres of research
excellence established
TBD by HEC and
Provincial Govts.
116 An ann ual conference will be held in Islamabad or
in one of Centers of Research Excellence
MoI
Conference organized
TBD by HEC, NACTA,
MoI
117
Funds will be provided to each public university to
invite scholars working on Pakistani and South
Asian history and society abroad
TBD by Educaon
Dept.
118
Bring the proporon of HEC MS/MPhil/PhD
scholarships for social science and humanies at
par with those provided to scholars pursuing STEM
fields.
Increase in funding for
119
Bi-weekly, student -led study circles will be
instuted on various issues of h istory, society and
philosophy in all major departments of public and
private universities.
study circles iniated
-
119a
Government funconaries, especially those of
local government, police etc., should regularly join
these circles to increase civic and democrac
engagement of students with prevailing state
120 Student managed sociees will be promoted on
campuses
societies established
72
Annex B: Bibliography
Government Documents and Reports:
1. Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973
2. Pakistan Vision 2025
3. National Internal Security Policy 2014
4. National Action Plan
5. Cultivating Peace: National Action Plan Review 2017 (NACTA)
6. Provincial Rule of Law Road maps
7. National Counter Extremism Guidelines 2018 (NACTA)
8. Paigham -e- Pakistan Fatwa 2018
9. Policy for regulation of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs)
2015 in Pakistan (Ministry of Interior)
10. Pakistan Economic Survey 2016 - 2017 (Ministry of Finance)
11. 6th Population and Housing Census 2017 (Pakistan Bureau of Statistics)
12. Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2015 - 16 (Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics)
13. Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2014 -15
(Pakistan Bureau of Statistics)
14. Institutions Matter: Rule of Law in Pakistan 2015 (Law and Justice Commission of
Pakistan)
15. Transforming the Criminal Justice System 2016 (Law and Justice Commission of
Pakistan)
16. Towards a National Policy and Strategy for the Application of Information
Technology in the Justice Sector (Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan)
17. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Counter - Terrorism Policy (KP Police)
Other Documents and Reports:
18. Community Level Recommendations for Preventing Violent Extremism in Kosovo
(UNDP)
19. Sustainable Development Goals (UNDP)
73
20. National Human Development Reports (UNDP)
21. Handbook on the management of violent extremist prisoners and the prevention of
radicalization to violence in prisons (UNODC)
22. Understanding the Counter Terrorism Response: Case Analysis of KP (UNODC)
23. Pakistan Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies (University of Peshawar)
24. Geography of Poverty in Pakistan 2008/2009 to 2012/2013 (SDPI and PPAF)
25. Mainstreaming Gender in Security (USIP)
26. Special reports on peace building initiatives in Pakistan (USIP)
27. National Strategy of Inclusive Pakistan: A Policy Framework of Secure and Cohesive
Pakistan (2017) & Pakistan Security Reports: 2015, 2016 & 2017 (PIPS)
28. Role of Women in Pakistan's Peace and Security (Insan Foundation Trust)
29. Quarterly Journal, Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (2017-18)
Books/Articles:
30. Pakistan Under Siege: Extremism, Society and the State (Madiha Afzal, 2018)
31. Pakistan's Counter Terrorism Challenge (Moeed Yousaf, 2014)
32. Radicalization in Pakistan (Amir Rana, 2012)
33. Understanding the Fundamentals of Counter-Terrorism Strategy (Farhan Zahid, 2017)
34. Role of Madrassas: Assessing Parental Choice, Financial Pipelines and Recent
Developments in Religious Education in Afghanistan and Pakistan (CRSS)
35. Narrative of Pakistan (Muhammad Siddique Sheikh, 2015)
International Policy Documents:
36. National Security Capability Review (2018) U.K
37. National Security Strategy (2017) U.S.A
38. National/Internal Security Strategy of Bangladesh
39. National/Internal Security Strategy of Indonesia
40. National/Internal Security Strategy of Sri Lanka
-
![Umbreen Javaid]()
- Izzat Raazia
In international relations, the idea of human security is a specific approach to security that is relating to human rights and governance. Academically and politically, the recent shift of attention from security to human security is a matter of concern. In traditional practices of security, military intercessions are the prioritization that is unsuccessful in responding the most pressing threats to individual security adequately, all over the world. The traditional security threats have served to further individual security challenges. Internal displacement has become a fact of life in South Asia that is a hall mark of conflict ridden regions of the world. Minority conflicts, religious and ethnic rifts, state repression, demands for sovereignty, famines, floods, terrorism, lack of development projects and IDPs crisis, all have added to the challenge of already aggravated human security conditions in South Asia. Pakistan, since long, has been facing IDPs crisis that is a challenge to human security, a sphere of security and it has become difficult to fully cope the issue by the leadership of Pakistan. As the repatriation of internally displaced persons and reconstruction of their areas after 2009 military offensive of Swat has been completed in the near past, Pakistan military resolved to flush out all terrorist outfits and initiated the military operation 'Zarb-e-Azb' in 2014, in North Waziristan Agency. In the aftermath of present operation, Pakistan is faced with a large displacement crisis, with almost one million people. The paper examines the phenomenon of internal displacement as a non-traditional security issue that poses a serious threat to the regional security of south Asia in general and to the internal security of Pakistan in particular.
Provincial Rule of Law Roadmaps 7
Provincial Rule of Law Roadmaps 7. National Counter Extremism Guidelines 2018 (NACTA)
SDPI and PPAF) 25. Mainstreaming Gender in Security (USIP) 26. Special reports on peace building initiatives in Pakistan (USIP) 27. National Strategy of Inclusive Pakistan: A Policy Framework of Secure and Cohesive Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies (University of Peshawar) 24. Geography of Poverty in Pakistan 2008/2009 to 2012/2013 (SDPI and PPAF) 25. Mainstreaming Gender in Security (USIP) 26. Special reports on peace building initiatives in Pakistan (USIP) 27. National Strategy of Inclusive Pakistan: A Policy Framework of Secure and Cohesive Pakistan (2017) & Pakistan Security Reports: 2015, 2016 & 2017 (PIPS) 28. Role of Women in Pakistan's Peace and Security (Insan Foundation Trust) 29. Quarterly Journal, Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (2017-18)
Pakistan's Counter Terrorism Challenge (Moeed Yousaf, 2014) 32
Books/Articles: 30. Pakistan Under Siege: Extremism, Society and the State (Madiha Afzal, 2018) 31. Pakistan's Counter Terrorism Challenge (Moeed Yousaf, 2014) 32. Radicalization in Pakistan (Amir Rana, 2012)
Role of Madrassas: Assessing Parental Choice, Financial Pipelines and Recent Developments in Religious Education in Afghanistan and Pakistan (CRSS) 35. Narrative of Pakistan (Muhammad Siddique Sheikh, 2015) International Policy Documents: 36
Understanding the Fundamentals of Counter-Terrorism Strategy (Farhan Zahid, 2017) 34. Role of Madrassas: Assessing Parental Choice, Financial Pipelines and Recent Developments in Religious Education in Afghanistan and Pakistan (CRSS) 35. Narrative of Pakistan (Muhammad Siddique Sheikh, 2015) International Policy Documents: 36. National Security Capability Review (2018) U.K 37. National Security Strategy (2017) U.S.A 38. National/Internal Security Strategy of Bangladesh 39. National/Internal Security Strategy of Indonesia 40. National/Internal Security Strategy of Sri Lanka
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Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342083754_Pakistan_National_Internal_Security_Policy_2018-2023
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